Figure 3.

Various scaffolds for engineering vascularization

(A) Comparison of animal-derived (left) and synthetic (right) scaffolding materials for organoid engineering. Animal-derived Matrigel is characterized by complex and variable matrix components in undefined ratios. Moreover, the presence of xenogeneic contaminants and proteins can result in undesirable effects and batch variability. The synthetic polymeric scaffold (right) has components in well-defined ratios with highly tunable physicochemical properties, offering a controlled cellular response.

(B) Decellularization process of native tissue. The progression from left to right illustrates the transition from a native tissue, characterized by abundant cellular components, to a partially decellularized state with reduced intracellular material, and subsequently to a fully decellularized matrix, rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The intricate ECM architecture is preserved for use in organoid vascularization. Reprinted from “Comparison of Matrigel and Synthetic Scaffolds” and “The Decellularization Effect on the Extracellular Matrix (ECM)” by BioRender.com (2024). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates.