Table 3. Operative characteristics and complications.

Characteristics	All patients (N=48)
Surgical approach
Resection and anastomosis	21 (43.8)
Resection and anastomosis plus lobectomy	27 (56.2)
Method of anastomosis
End-to-end anastomosis of trachea	3 (6.2)
End-to-end anastomosis of main bronchus	8 (16.7)
Anastomosis of main bronchus to carina	8 (16.7)
Anastomosis of main bronchus to trachea	2 (4.2)
Anastomosis of lobar bronchus to main bronchus	10 (20.8)
Anastomosis of lobar bronchus to carina	16 (33.3)
Anastomosis of lobar bronchus to trachea	1 (2.1)
Mobilization of the trachea	5 (10.4)
Mobilization of the hilum	45 (93.8)
Operating time (min)	160 [144–180]
Blood loss (mL)	100 [100–200]
Duration of chest drainage (days)	4 [3–6]
Postoperative hospital length of stay (days)	10 [8–13]
Pathological finding
Granulomatous inflammation tissue	33 (68.8)
Calcification	25 (52.1)
Unspecified necrosis	25 (52.1)
Langhans giant cells	22 (45.8)
Fibrous tissue	16 (33.3)
Caseous necrosis	7 (14.6)
Operative complication	13 (27.1)
Prolonged air leak	6 (12.5)
Atelectasis	2 (4.2)
Hoarseness	2 (4.2)
Cardiovascular complications	2 (4.2)
Pneumonia	1 (2.1)
Hemoptysis	1 (2.1)

Statistics are presented as median [interquartile range] and n (%).