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. 2024 Jun 21;15:1414339. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414339

Table 2.

Physical, technical, and perceptual-physiological variables (mean ± standard deviation) alongside comparison statistics for discriminant validity analyses between sexes and playing levels during the game-specific basketball activity simulation protocol.

Variable Competitive male Recreational male Competitive female Sex comparison Playing level comparison
p-value ES (90%CI) Interpretation p-value ES (90%CI) Interpretation
Sample size (n) 13 13 9
Physical variables
Movement load (AU) 215 ± 31 186 ± 28 187 ± 28 0.041 0.97 (0.15; 1.75) Moderate 0.018 1.02 (0.25; 1.75) Moderate
Movement intensity (AU · min−1) 6.73 ± 0.96 5.80 ± 0.86 5.84 ± 0.87 0.040 0.97 (0.15; 1.75) Moderate 0.018 1.02 (0.26; 1.75) Moderate
Mean sprint time (s) 1.45 ± 0.10 1.48 ± 0.18 1.58 ± 0.13 0.016 −1.14 (−1.93; −0.31) Moderate 0.618 −0.20 (−0.84; 0.46) Trivial
Mean circuit time (s) 24.4 ± 2.0 26.3 ± 2.0 24.5 ± 1.0 0.866 −0.07 (−0.79; 0.64) Trivial 0.019 −0.99 (−1.69; −0.24) Moderate
Mean jump height (cm) 35.0 ± 5.8 22.8 ± 7.3 <0.001 1.92 (0.91; 2.86) Large
Total distance covered (m) 4,479 ± 93* 4,214 ± 295 4,418 ± 273* 1.000 0.00 Trivial 0.002 0.57 Large
Sprint time decrement (%) 10.9 ± 3.9 10.8 ± 3.1 12.5 ± 5.3 0.837 −0.14 (−1.19; 0.92) Trivial 0.953 0.02 (−0.62; 0.67) Trivial
Circuit time decrement (%) 8.1 ± 3.4 12.2 ± 4.9 9.8 ± 4.1 0.303 −0.46 (−1.18; 0.28) Small 0.020 −0.98 (−1.68; −0.24) Moderate
Jump height decrement (%) 17.2 ± 5.2 21.8 ± 9.2 0.184 −0.64 (−1.43; 0.17) Moderate
Technical variable
Free-throws made (count) 66.2 ± 14.3 61.5 ± 18.4 68.9 ± 15.3 0.681 −0.18 (−0.89; 0.54) Trivial 0.467 0.29 (−0.37; 0.94) Small
Perceptual-physiological variables
Mean heart rate (%HRmax) 91.8 ± 2.3 89.0 ± 3.6 90.2 ± 4.3 0.266 0.50 (−0.24; 1.22) Small 0.023 0.95 (0.22; 1.66) Moderate
Peak heart rate (%HRmax) 97.8 ± 2.3 95.9 ± 3.0 96.2 ± 3.5 0.197 0.58 (−0.17; 1.31) Small 0.078 0.72 (0.02; 1.40) Moderate
Blood lactate concentration (mmol · L−1) 9.12 ± 2.59 8.52 ± 2.46 8.13 ± 2.44 0.382 0.39 (−0.35; 1.10) Small 0.551 0.23 (−0.42; 0.88) Small
Rating of perceived exertion (AU) 7.14 ± 0.95 8.34 ± 1.25 8.11 ± 0.60 0.011 −1.08 (−1.80; −0.32) Moderate 0.011 −1.08 (−1.80; −0.32) Moderate

AU, arbitrary units; CI, confidence intervals; ES, effect size. Bolded p-value indicates statistically significant difference at p < 0.05; * indicates data were not normally distributed (median ± inter-quartile range: competitive males = 4,519 ± 0 m; competitive females = 4,519 ± 0 m), so pairwise comparisons were performed with the Mann Whiteney U test and r-value effect size interpreted according to Cohen’s benchmarks; − indicates no jump data for recreational males given it were not collected due to technical issues.