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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020 May 20;74(9):741–753. doi: 10.1136/jech-2019-213493

Table 3.

Weighted multinomial logistic regression - factors associated with prior HIV testing behavior and HIV testing results, USA, 2017–2018

HIV-negative, not recently tested2 HIV-positive, not recently tested2 HIV-positive, recently tested negative1
Part A.
Comparison Group: HIV-Negative, recently tested1 AOR 95% CI p AOR 95% CI p AOR 95% CI p
Age in years 1.01 1.00 -- 1.02 0.03 1.03 1.00 -- 1.06 0.02 1.00 0.97 -- 1.03 0.99
Race/Ethnicity
 White (ref.)
 Black or African American 0.61 0.50 -- 0.75 <.0001 2.88 1.82 -- 4.58 <.0001 3.97 2.14 -- 7.36 <.0001
 Latino 0.87 0.74 -- 1.01 0.07 1.18 0.74 -- 1.89 0.50 1.27 0.65 -- 2.49 0.48
 All other 0.74 0.60 -- 0.91 0.004 0.93 0.49 -- 1.78 0.83 2.18 1.08 -- 4.38 0.03
Highest level of Education
 < High school diploma 1.24 0.84 -- 1.84 0.28 1.98 0.92 -- 4.24 0.08 1.00 0.36 -- 2.80 1.00
 High school diploma or GED (ref.)
 Some college or associates degree 0.79 0.66 -- 0.95 0.01 0.87 0.55 -- 1.38 0.54 0.57 0.31 -- 1.02 0.0585
 College graduate or higher 0.59 0.48 -- 0.71 <.0001 0.61 0.35 -- 1.06 0.08 0.58 0.29 -- 1.16 0.12
Have primary care physician
 No 1.26 1.11 -- 1.44 0.0004 1.02 0.71 -- 1.47 0.92 0.56 0.34 -- 0.91 0.02
Housing instability in the last 5 years (yes) 1.24 1.05 -- 1.46 0.01 2.59 1.75 -- 3.85 <.0001 2.06 1.22 -- 3.48 0.01
Transactional sex in the past 3 months (yes) 1.06 0.88 -- 1.28 0.52 1.57 1.03 -- 2.39 0.04 1.66 0.96 -- 2.87 0.07
Ever taken PrEP (yes) 0.57 0.44 -- 0.74 <.0001 0.38 0.15 -- 0.98 0.05 0.63 0.25 -- 1.56 0.32
Ever taken PEP (yes) 0.52 0.37 -- 0.74 0.0003 0.27 0.06 -- 1.11 0.07 1.08 0.40 -- 2.95 0.87
Ever spoken to a doctor about PrEP
 No 3.61 3.02 -- 4.31 <.0001 4.01 2.24 -- 7.16 <.0001 2.77 1.44 -- 5.32 0.002
Believe that they are a candidate for PrEP (yes) 0.85 0.74 -- 0.97 0.02 0.67 0.46 -- 0.98 0.04 0.60 0.36 -- 1.00 0.05
Methamphetamine use, past 3 months (yes) 0.86 0.68 -- 1.08 0.18 4.06 2.64 -- 6.25 <.0001 6.62 3.80 -- 11.56 <.0001
Part B.
Comparison Group: HIV-positive, recently tested negative1 AOR 95% CI p AOR 95% CI p
Age in years 1.02 0.98 -- 1.05 0.35 1.03 0.99 -- 1.08 0.12
Race/Ethnicity
 White (ref.)
 Black or African American 0.17 0.09 -- 0.32 <.0001 0.77 0.36 -- 1.63 0.49
 Latino 0.57 0.29 -- 1.14 0.11 0.82 0.37 -- 1.83 0.63
 All other 0.30 0.15 -- 0.63 0.001 0.41 0.16 -- 1.04 0.06
Highest level of Education
 < High school diploma 1.26 0.42 -- 3.80 0.68 2.18 0.64 -- 7.49 0.22
 High school diploma or GED (ref.)
 Some college or associates degree 1.30 0.71 -- 2.41 0.397 1.54 0.74 -- 3.18 0.25
 College graduate or higher 1.11 0.53 -- 2.30 0.79 1.12 0.47 -- 2.70 0.80
Have primary care physician
 No 2.36 1.42 -- 3.93 0.001 1.86 1.02 -- 3.39 0.04
Housing instability in the last 5 years (yes) 0.66 0.38 -- 1.15 0.14 1.31 0.69 -- 2.50 0.41
Transactional sex in the past 3 months (yes) 0.66 0.37 -- 1.15 0.14 0.96 0.50 -- 1.86 0.91
Ever taken PrEP (yes) 0.95 0.34 -- 2.63 0.92 0.58 0.15 -- 2.18 0.42
Ever taken PEP (yes) 0.81 0.24 -- 2.72 0.73 0.27 0.05 -- 1.65 0.16
Ever spoken to a doctor about PrEP
 No 1.44 0.71 -- 2.90 0.32 1.53 0.64 -- 3.64 0.34
Believe that they are a candidate for PrEP (yes) 1.34 0.80 -- 2.25 0.27 1.09 0.60 -- 2.01 0.77
Methamphetamine use, past 3 months (yes) 0.12 0.07 -- 0.22 <.0001 0.61 0.31 -- 1.19 0.15
Part C.
Comparison Group: HIV-positive, not recently tested2 AOR 95% CI p
Age in years 0.99 0.96 -- 1.01 0.28
Race/Ethnicity
 White (ref.)
 Black or African American 0.23 0.14 -- 0.37 <.0001
 Latino 0.73 0.45 -- 1.18 0.20
 All other 0.79 0.41 -- 1.55 0.50
Highest level of Education
 < High school diploma 0.58 0.26 -- 1.28 0.18
 High school diploma or GED (ref.)
 Some college or associates degree 0.85 0.53 -- 1.37 0.51
 College graduate or higher 1.00 0.56 -- 1.80 0.99
Have primary care physician
 No 1.26 0.86 -- 1.86 0.23
Housing instability in the last 5 years (yes) 0.51 0.34 -- 0.76 0.001
Transactional sex in the past 3 months (yes) 0.71 0.46 -- 1.11 0.13
Ever taken PrEP (yes) 1.62 0.61 -- 4.34 0.34
Ever taken PEP (yes) 2.68 0.59 -- 12.25 0.20
Spoken to a doctor about PrEP
 No 0.91 0.49 -- 1.67 0.75
Believe that they are a candidate for PrEP (yes) 1.27 0.86 -- 1.88 0.232
Methamphetamine use, past 3 months (yes) 0.20 0.13 -- 0.32 <.0001
1

Participant indicated last HIV negative results were ≤ 12 months ago

2

Participant indicated last HIV-negative results were > 12 months ago, or never tested for HIV