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. 2024 Jun 24;11:1377718. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1377718

Table 2.

Efficacy of moxidectin and other commonly used macrocyclic lactones against resistant strains of Dirofilaria immitis in laboratory studies: effects on antigen test and micofilariae.

Reference Strain of D. immitis Day of inoculation† Active ingredient against D. immitis Dosage Product Route of admin. No. of treatments Time point (study day) No. of dogs positive for HW AG test No. of dogs positive for MF
McTier et al. (79)—Study 1 JYD-34 −30 Moxidectin 0.5 mg/kg ProHeart® 12 s.c. 1 151 0 of 5 0 of 5
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 151 5 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 151 6 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 151 6 of 6 4 of 6
Moxidectin 0.5 mg/kg ProHeart® 12 s.c. 1 178 0 of 5 0 of 5
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 178 6 of 6 6 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 178 6 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 178 6 of 6 6 of 6
McTier et al. (79)—Study 2 JYD-34 165 Moxidectin 0.5 mg/kg ProHeart® 12 s.c. 1 331 0 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 12 331 6 of 6 0 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 12 331 6 of 6 0 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 331 6 of 6 0 of 6
Moxidectin 0.5 mg/kg ProHeart® 12 s.c. 1 360 1 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 12 360 6 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 12 360 6 of 6 5 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 360 6 of 6 5 of 6
Myers et al. (80) ZoeLA −30 Moxidectin ≥ 24 μg/kg Simparica Trio® Oral 6 180 1 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 180 6 of 6 6 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 180 6 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 180 6 of 6 6 of 6
Moxidectin ≥ 24 μg/kg Simparica Trio® Oral 6 210 2 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 210 6 of 6 6 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 210 6 of 6 5 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 210 6 of 6 6 of 6
Moxidectin ≥ 24 μg/kg Simparica Trio® Oral 6 236 2 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 236 6 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 236 6 of 6 5 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 236 6 of 6 6 of 6
Kryda et al. (81)—Study 1 ZoeLA −30 Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Same dosage as in Simparica® Trio Oral 4 210 3 of 6 2 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Oral 6 210 0 of 6 2 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 210 6 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 210 6 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 210 6 of 6 6 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Same dosage as in Simparica® Trio Oral 4 243 4 of 6 1 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Oral 6 243 0 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 243 6 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 243 6 of 6 5 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 243 6 of 6 6 of 6
Kryda et al. (81)—Study 2 (84) JYD-34 −30 Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Same dosage as in Simparica® Trio Oral 4 180 0 of 6 0 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Oral 6 180 0 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 180 4 of 6 4 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 180 4 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 180 6 of 6 6 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Same dosage as in Simparica® Trio Oral 4 210 3 of 6 1 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Oral 6 210 1 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 210 5 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 210 5 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 210 6 of 6 6 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Same dosage as in Simparica® Trio Oral 4 236 5 of 6 1 of 6
Moxidectin 24 μg/kg Oral 6 236 1 of 6 0 of 6
Ivermectin ≥ 6 μg/kg Heartgard® Plus Oral 6 236 6 of 6 5 of 6
Milbemycin oxime ≥ 0.5 mg/kg Interceptor® Plus Oral 6 236 6 of 6 6 of 6
Negative Control n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 236 6 of 6 6 of 6

s.c., subcutaneous; HW AG, Heartworm antigen; MF, Microfilariae. †First treatment = day 0.