Table 1.
Participant Characteristics. Maternal sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaire at visit 1.
| Participants | Control (400 IU/d) N=62 | Treatment (4400 IU/d) N=53 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery in years (Mean, range) | 29 (20 – 40) | 28 (19 – 38) | 0.11 |
| BMI at baseline, visit 1 (kg/m2) (Mean, range) | 30.11 (17.80 – 52.37) | 28.08 (19.51 – 58.06) | 0.16 |
| Race/Ethnicity (n, %) | |||
| Black American | 21 (33.87) | 17 (32.08) | 0.89 |
| White/Caucasian | 23 (37.10) | 22 (41.51) | |
| Hispanic | 18 (29.03) | 14 (26.42) | |
| Insurance (n, %) | |||
| None/Medicaid | 40 (64.52) | 27 (50.94) | 0.14 |
| Private | 22 (35.48) | 26 (49.06) | |
| Maternal Education (n, %) | |||
| < High school or high school | 32/52 (61.54) | 25/49 (51.02) | 0.29 |
| Some college + ** | 20/52 (38.46) | 24/49 (48.98) | |
| Marital Status (n, %) | |||
| Married | 26 (41.94) | 29 (54.72) | 0.17 |
| Single | 36 (58.06) | 24 (45.28) | |
| Other Demographics | |||
| Gravidity (median, IQR) | 3.0 (2.0 – 4.0) | 2.0 (2.0 – 3.0) | 0.12 |
| Parity (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.0 – 2.0) | 1.0 (0.0 – 2.0) | 0.40 |
| Once smoker (n, %) | 10 (16.13) | 7 (13.21) | 0.66 |
| Alcohol use prior to pregnancy (n, %) | 18/61 (29.50) | 15/53 (28.30) | 0.89 |
| Preexisting Chronic Conditions (n, %) | |||
| Cohort | 51 (82.26) | 46 (86.79) | 0.50 |
| Sub-cohort | 11 (17.74) | 7 (13.21) | |
| Maternal [25(OH)D] (ng/mL) (mean, range) | |||
| Baseline (visit 1/first trimester) | 25.63 (7.3 – 47.7) | 24.83 (10.9 – 50.0) | 0.65 |
| AUC (mean [25(OH)D] over the course of pregnancy) | 86.94 (27.1 – 164.0) | 137.4 (41.4 – 210.2) | <0.0001* |
| Mode of Delivery (n, %) | |||
| Cesarean | 32 (51.61) | 19 (35.85) | 0.09 |
| Vaginal delivery | 30 (48.38) | 34 (64.15) | |
| Birth Characteristics | |||
| Mean GA at delivery ± SD (weeks) (mean ± SD, range) | 38.11 ± 3.39 (24.3 – 41.0) |
38.19 ± 2.01 (33.4 – 41.2) |
0.88 |
| Term birth (>37 weeks) (n, %) | 55 (88.71) | 40 (75.47) | 0.06 |
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks) (n, %) | 7 (11.29) | 13 (24.53) | |
| Neonatal birth weight (g) (mean ± SD, range) | 3158.1 ± 841.0 (Range 595.0 – 4635.0) |
3249.5 ± 536.7 (Range 1955.0 – 4900.0) |
0.49 |
| Neonatal birth length (cm) (mean ± SD, range) | 46.03 ± 5.68 (Range: 30.0 – 50.0) n=57 |
48.29 ± 2.93 (Range: 42.0 – 50.0) n=48 |
0.15 |
| Neonatal birth head circumference (cm) (mean ± SD, range) | 33.33 ± 3.33 (Range: 22.0 – 39.50) n=54 |
33.81 ± 1.73 (Range: 29.50 – 36.50) n=47 |
0.38 |
| Neonatal Sex | |||
| Female (n, %) | 30/61 (49.18) | 23/53 (43.4) | 0.54 |
| Male (n, %) | 31/61 (50.82) | 30/53 (56.6) | |
| APGAR Scores (median, IQR) | |||
| 1 minute | 8.0 (6.0–9.0) | 8.0 (8.0–9.0) | 0.33 |
| 5 minute | 9.0 (9.0–9.0) | 9.0 (9.0–9.0) | 0.86 |
| Neonatal Cord Blood [25(OH)D] (ng/mL) (mean, range) | |||
| At delivery | 21.35 (6.70 – 53.90) n=58 | 33.00 (6.70 – 56.70) n=63 | <0.001* |
*
indicates significance
**
indicates mothers with some college or any degree greater than high school