Table 1.

General characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Region	Diagnosed period	Sarcopenia/no sarcopenia			Prevalence of sarcopenia	Study design
			Sample size	Sex ratio	Median age
Nishida et al[10], 2016	Japan	January 2010 to December 2014	132/134	70/111	68.79/66.17	49.62%	Cohort study
Sandini et al[11], 2016	Italy	2007 to February 2015	30/94	10/53	-/-	24.19%	Cohort study
Takagi et al[12], 2017	Japan	January 2007 to May 2013	55/164	36/107	-/-	25.11%	Cohort study
Stretch et al[13], 2018	Canada	2003 to 2011	50/73	29/42	68.50/66.10	40.65%	Cohort study
Tankel et al[14], 2018	Israel	December 2014 to February 2017	16/45	8/24	75.0/64.0	26.23%	Cohort study
Umetsu et al[6], 2018	Japan	February 2008 to March 2015	48/17	12/35	71.02/61.77	73.85%	Cohort study
Centonze et al[15], 2020	Italy	2010 to 2017	36/74	20/42	70.93/64.94	32.73%	Cohort study
Xu et al[16], 2020	China	January 2016 to December 2018	59/93	-/-	-/-	38.82%	Cohort study
Peng et al[17], 2021	China	October 2005 to August 2018	20/96	12/56	72.1/65.0	17.24%	Cohort study
Pessia et al[18], 2021	Italy	June 2013 to May 2019	32/36	-/-	-/-	47.06%	Cohort study
Duan et al[19], 2021	China	January 2014 to December 2019	108/157	52/84	62.70/55.30	40.75%	Cohort study
Nauheim et al[20], 2022	United States	October 2017 to January 2020	83/250	40/121	70.6/65.4	24.92%	Cohort study
Aoki et al[21], 2022	Japan	January 2016 to March 2020	19/161	15/87	77.9/71.0	10.56%	Cohort study
Umezawa et al[7], 2022	Japan	January 2006 to April 2020	44/44	35/30	73/70.5	50.00%	Cohort study
La Vaccara et al[5], 2023	Italy	February 2004 to January 2016	54/28	37/13	-/-	65.85%	Cohort study
Cai et al[22], 2023	China	January 2018 to January 2021	47/82	28/50	65.4/60.7	36.43%	Cohort study