Table 2.
In vitro susceptibilities of plant-based selenium nanoparticles in comparison with six antifungal drugs against 94 clinical Fusarium isolates
| Fusarium species | Evaluated compounds | MIC50 (μg/ml) | MIC90 (μg/ml) | MIC range (μg/ml) | GM (μg/ml) | Mode (μg/ml) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fusarium isolates (n=94) | A-Se NPs | 0.5 | 2 | 0.016-8 | 0.39 | 1 |
| C-Se NPs | 0.5 | 4 | 0.016-8 | 0.55 | 0.5 | |
| P-Se NPs | 0.25 | 4 | 0.016-16 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| V-Se NPs | 0.032 | 0.125 | 0.016-0.25 | 0.03 | 0.016 | |
| H-Se NPs | 1 | 4 | 0.016-8 | 0.9 | 1 | |
| VRC | 4 | 8 | 0.25-16 | 3.25 | 4 | |
| ITC | 16 | 16 | 0.032-16 | 13.01 | 16 | |
| AMB | 1 | 4 | 0.125-16 | 1.05 | 1 | |
| NAT | 4 | 8 | 0.125-16 | 3.91 | 8 | |
| CAS | 8 | 8 | 0.064-8 | 7 | 8 | |
| POS | 8 | 16 | 0.25-16 | 5.29 | 8 | |
| F. solani complex (n=52) | A-Se NPs | 1 | 4 | 0.016-8 | 0.56 | 1 |
| C-Se NPs | 1 | 4 | 0.016-8 | 0.64 | 2 | |
| P-Se NPs | 0.5 | 8 | 0.016-16 | 0.46 | 0.5 | |
| V-Se NPs | 0.032 | 0.125 | 0.016-0.25 | 0.03 | 0.016 | |
| H-Se NPs | 1 | 8 | 0.064-8 | 1.32 | 1 | |
| VRC | 4 | 8 | 0.25-16 | 3.74 | 8 | |
| ITC | 16 | 16 | 0.032-16 | 11.93 | 16 | |
| AMB | 0.5 | 2 | 0.125-16 | 0.67 | 0.5 | |
| NAT | 8 | 8 | 0.5-16 | 5.15 | 8 | |
| CAS | 8 | 8 | 0.064-8 | 6.46 | 8 | |
| POS | 8 | 16 | 0.5-16 | 6.55 | 16 | |
| F. fujikuroi complex (n=33) | A-Se NPs | 0.25 | 1 | 0.016-4 | 0.23 | 0.5 |
| C-Se NPs | 0.5 | 2 | 0.016-4 | 0.48 | 0.5 | |
| P-Se NPs | 0.064 | 1 | 0.016-4 | 0.1 | 0.016 | |
| V-Se NPs | 0.032 | 0.125 | 2-16 | 0.03 | 0.016 | |
| H-Se NPs | 0.5 | 4 | 0.064-8 | 0.56 | 0.25 | |
| VRC | 4 | 8 | 1-8 | 2.74 | 4 | |
| ITC | 16 | 16 | 8-16 | 14.1 | 16 | |
| AMB | 2 | 8 | 0.125-16 | 1.72 | 1 | |
| NAT | 4 | 8 | 0.125-8 | 2.41 | 4 | |
| CAS | 8 | 8 | 4-8 | 7.67 | 8 | |
| POS | 4 | 16 | 0.25-16 | 4.17 | 16 | |
| F. oxysporum complex (n=7) | A- Se NPs | - | - | 0.125-2 | 0.37 | 0.125 |
| C- Se NPs | - | - | 0.5-1 | 0.61 | 0.5 | |
| P- Se NPs | - | - | 0.125-0.5 | 0.18 | 0.125 | |
| V- Se NPs | - | - | 0.016-0.064 | 0.03 | 0.064 | |
| H- Se NPs | - | - | 0.5-2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | |
| VRC | - | - | 1-8 | 2.43 | 2 | |
| ITC | - | - | 16 | 16 | 16 | |
| AMB | - | - | 0.5-16 | 2.69 | 2 | |
| NAT | - | - | 2-8 | 4 | 8 | |
| CAS | - | - | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
| POS | - | - | 0.5-16 | 4.41 | 8 | |
| F. incarnatum equiseti species complex (n=1) | A-Se NPs | - | - | 0.25 | - | - |
| C-Se NPs | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | |
| P-Se NPs | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| V-Se NPs | - | - | 0.016 | - | - | |
| H-Se NPs | - | - | 2 | - | - | |
| VRC | - | - | 4 | - | - | |
| ITC | - | - | 16 | - | - | |
| AMB | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NAT | - | - | 8 | - | - | |
| CAS | - | - | 8 | - | - | |
| POS | - | - | 8 | - | - | |
| F. sambucinum species complex (n=1) | A-Se NPs | - | - | 0.125 | - | - |
| C-Se NPs | - | - | 0.016 | - | - | |
| P-Se NPs | - | - | 0.125 | - | - | |
| V-Se NPs | - | - | 0.016 | - | - | |
| H-Se NPs | - | - | 0.016 | - | - | |
| VRC | - | - | 4 | - | - | |
| ITC | - | - | 16 | - | - | |
| AMB | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NAT | - | - | 8 | - | - | |
| CAS | - | - | 8 | - | - | |
| POS | - | - | 2 | - | - |
MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration, GM: geometric mean, A-Se NPs: A. paradoxum-selenium nanoparticles, C-Se NPs: C. caspius-selenium nanoparticles, P-Se NPs: P. vera L. hull-selenium nanoparticles, V-Se NPs: V. faba L. hull-selenium nanoparticles, H-Se NPs: H. persicum-selenium nanoparticles, VRC: voriconazole, ITC: itraconazole, AMB: amphotericin B, NAT: natamycin, CAS: caspofungin, POS: posaconazole