. 2024 Jul 8;19(7):e0306712. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306712

Table 1. Description of role play and virtual clinical scenario.

Virtual clinical scenario	Role play
In virtual clinical scenario, a dentist-patient interaction was presented to students for examination and diagnosis. The objective was to analyze the conversation between the dentist and the patient, observe the lesion described, and provide a diagnosis using Google Forms. Scenario overview: Robert Johnson, a 56-year-old male patient, arrives at his dentist’s office for a routine check-up. Activity steps: Students were instructed to: • Examine the conversation between Dr. Anderson and Robert Johnson. • Observe the changes described by Robert Johnson in the roof of his mouth. • Use Google Forms to provide a diagnosis based on the information gathered. Example interaction: Dr. Anderson: "Good morning, Robert. I’m Dr. Anderson, and I’ll be conducting your check-up today. How have you been since your last visit?" Robert: "Good morning, Dr. Anderson. I’ve been okay, but I’ve noticed some changes in the roof of my mouth. It’s been bothering me for a while." Dr. Anderson: "I see. Have you been using any tobacco products?" Robert: "Yes, I have been smoking for over 30 years." Dr. Anderson: "Alright. Do you have any other medical conditions or take any medications regularly?" Robert: "Yes, I have a history of high blood pressure, and I take antihypertensive medication regularly." Dr. Anderson: "Thank you for letting me know. Let’s take a look at the roof of your mouth to see what might be causing these changes." Clinical and histopathologic images of nicotine stomatitis were shown.	In role play activity, teachers assumed the role of patients while students enacted as dentists. Student then recorded their diagnosis in Google Forms.Activity steps: • Role assignment: Teachers were assigned roles as patients, while students were designated as dentists. • History taking: The student (dentist) began by asking for demographics and inquiring about the history of the presenting complaint. • Clinical and histopathologic presentation: Upon completing the history taking, the teacher (patient) presented a clinical image of geographic tongue. • Investigation: Student then asked for investigation such as histopathological image and/or other laboratory report. The teacher then provided relevant histopathologic image/laboratory report to student. • Diagnosis formulation: Based on the information gathered, the student (dentist) formulated a diagnosis, discussed it with the teacher (patient).

Virtual clinical scenario

Role play

In virtual clinical scenario, a dentist-patient interaction was presented to students for examination and diagnosis. The objective was to analyze the conversation between the dentist and the patient, observe the lesion described, and provide a diagnosis using Google Forms.
Scenario overview:
Robert Johnson, a 56-year-old male patient, arrives at his dentist’s office for a routine check-up.
Activity steps:
Students were instructed to:
• Examine the conversation between Dr. Anderson and Robert Johnson.
• Observe the changes described by Robert Johnson in the roof of his mouth.
• Use Google Forms to provide a diagnosis based on the information gathered.
Example interaction:
Dr. Anderson: "Good morning, Robert. I’m Dr. Anderson, and I’ll be conducting your check-up today. How have you been since your last visit?"
Robert: "Good morning, Dr. Anderson. I’ve been okay, but I’ve noticed some changes in the roof of my mouth. It’s been bothering me for a while."
Dr. Anderson: "I see. Have you been using any tobacco products?"
Robert: "Yes, I have been smoking for over 30 years."
Dr. Anderson: "Alright. Do you have any other medical conditions or take any medications regularly?"
Robert: "Yes, I have a history of high blood pressure, and I take antihypertensive medication regularly."
Dr. Anderson: "Thank you for letting me know. Let’s take a look at the roof of your mouth to see what might be causing these changes."
Clinical and histopathologic images of nicotine stomatitis were shown.

In role play activity, teachers assumed the role of patients while students enacted as dentists. Student then recorded their diagnosis in Google Forms.Activity steps:
• Role assignment: Teachers were assigned roles as patients, while students were designated as dentists.
• History taking: The student (dentist) began by asking for demographics and inquiring about the history of the presenting complaint.
• Clinical and histopathologic presentation: Upon completing the history taking, the teacher (patient) presented a clinical image of geographic tongue.
• Investigation: Student then asked for investigation such as histopathological image and/or other laboratory report. The teacher then provided relevant histopathologic image/laboratory report to student.
• Diagnosis formulation: Based on the information gathered, the student (dentist) formulated a diagnosis, discussed it with the teacher (patient).