. 2024 May 21;35(7):980–983. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000381

Table 3.

Hazard ratios for incident CKD (<60 ml/min per 1.73 m²) per doubling or SD increase in baseline protein concentration

Protein	Unadjusted		P Value for Difference	Model 1		P Value for Difference	Model 2		P Value for Difference
Protein	HR	95% CI	P Value for Difference	HR	95% CI	P Value for Difference	HR	95% CI	P Value for Difference
MCP-1^a
mGFR	0.89	0.58 to 1.37		0.89	0.55 to 1.37		0.80	0.47 to 1.36
eGFRcre	1.00	0.58 to 1.73	0.56	0.95	0.53 to 1.70	0.74	0.93	0.54 to 1.59	0.69
eGFRcys	1.24	0.86 to 1.78	0.10	1.17	0.78 to 1.75	0.28	1.06	0.74 to 1.51	0.44
eGFRcyscre	1.06	0.64 to 1.75	0.40	1.00	0.59 to 1.68	0.64	0.87	0.51 to 1.46	0.85
TRAIL-R2^a
mGFR	1.72^b	1.37 to 1.96^b		1.62^b	1.27 to 1.87^b		1.59^b	1.20 to 2.11^b
eGFRcre	1.67^b	1.20 to 2.31^b	0.61	1.58^b	1.08 to 2.31^b	0.80	1.37	0.81 to 2.30	0.31
eGFRcys	1.62^b	1.44 to 1.83^b	0.69	1.44^b	1.25 to 1.67^b	0.46	1.00	0.63 to 1.58	0.04^b
eGFRcyscre	1.57^b	1.26 to 1.96^b	0.42	1.39^b	1.08 to 1.80^b	0.27	0.82	0.46 to 1.44	0.02^b
FABP4^a
mGFR	2.11^b	1.58 to 2.53^b		1.72^b	1.28 to 2.23^b		1.08	0.79 to 1.48
eGFRcre	1.91^b	1.39 to 2.64^b	0.65	1.86^b	1.27 to 2.73^b	0.72	1.19	0.77 to 1.83	0.69
eGFRcys	2.37^b	1.87 to 3.01^b	0.40	1.70^b	1.28 to 2.26^b	0.93	0.98	0.72 to 1.34	0.45
eGFRcyscre	2.31^b	1.75 to 3.06^b	0.53	1.89^b	1.37 to 2.61^b	0.49	0.99	0.67 to 1.46	0.53
TNFR-2
mGFR	1.53^b	1.37 to 1.57^b		1.40^b	1.25 to 1.42^b		1.22^b	1.11 to 1.34^b
eGFRcre	1.37^b	1.20 to 1.57^b	0.11^c	1.27^b	1.12 to 1.44^b	0.19^d	1.09	0.88 to 1.36	0.40
eGFRcys	1.69^b	1.63 to 1.75^b	0.005^b	1.63^b	1.55 to 1.72^b	0.002^b	1.01	0.85 to 1.21	0.19
eGFRcyscre	1.58^b	1.47 to 1.71^b	0.36	1.46^b	1.34 to 1.58^b	0.50	0.95	0.80 to 1.14	0.06
CD40Lig
mGFR	1.07	0.91 to 1.29		1.02	0.89 to 1.24		1.00	0.81 to 1.23
eGFRcre	0.97	0.72 to 1.32	0.36	0.95	0.70 to 1.29	0.53	0.93	0.96 to 1.27	0.64
eGFRcys	1.08	0.89 to 1.31	0.88	0.99	0.86 to 1.15	0.78	0.91	0.77 to 1.08	0.36
eGFRcyscre	1.04	0.82 to 1.32	0.67	0.97	0.78 to 1.20	0.44	0.96	0.75 to 1.22	0.57
GDF-15^a
mGFR	1.65^b	1.23 to 2.22^b		1.48^b	1.03 to 2.13^b		1.18	0.82 to 1.70
eGFRcre	1.27	0.91 to 1.76	0.33	1.07	0.71 to 1.62	0.34^e	0.76	0.48 to 1.19	0.11
eGFRcys	2.18^b	1.72 to 2.77^b	0.048^b	2.14^b	1.55 to 2.96^b	0.07	1.11	0.74 to 1.65	0.78
eGFRcyscre	2.07^b	1.47 to 2.91^b	0.15	1.79^b	1.19 to 2.69^b	0.29	0.96	0.58 to 1.58	0.38
Tie2
mGFR	0.92	0.85 to 1.25		0.95	0.87 to 1.29		0.84	0.66 to 1.06
eGFRcre	1.12	0.87 to 1.46	0.05	1.14	0.85 to 1.53	0.08	1.08	0.82 to 1.42	0.10
eGFRcys	1.11	0.93 to 1.33	0.06	1.05	0.88 to 1.27	0.33	1.12	0.92 to 1.36	0.09
eGFRcyscre	1.09	0.87 to 1.37	0.05	1.09	0.86 to 1.40	0.16	1.00	0.79 to 1.26	0.30
MMP7
mGFR	1.71^b	1.62 to 2.11^b		1.59^b	1.53 to 1.99^b		1.36^b	1.16 to 1.60^b
eGFRcre	1.71^b	1.47 to 1.99^b	0.99	1.65^b	1.39 to 1.96^b	0.74	1.42^b	1.13 to 1.79^b	0.81
eGFRcys	1.88^b	1.69 to 2.09^b	0.09	1.80^b	1.58 to 2.06^b	0.08	1.65^b	1.35 to 2.02^b	0.07
eGFRcyscre	1.89^b	1.67 to 2.14^b	0.11	1.75^b	1.51 to 2.03^b	0.15	1.48^b	1.23 to 1.80^b	0.42
suPAR
mGFR	1.10^b	1.06 to 1.15^b		1.05	0.94 to 1.24		1.06	0.84 to 1.33
eGFRcre	0.95	0.67 to 1.35	0.07^f	0.81	0.54 to 1.23	0.08^g	0.61^b	0.41 to 0.90^b	0.02^b^,^h
eGFRcys	1.14^b	1.10 to 1.17^b	0.13	1.13^b	1.04 to 1.22^b	0.15	1.08	0.90 to 1.30	0.83
eGFRcyscre	1.11^b	1.04 to 1.19^b	0.60	1.06	0.85 to 1.33	0.83	0.81	0.61 to 1.10	0.17
MMP2
mGFR	1.14	0.93 to 1.35		1.06	0.87 to 1.24		1.10	0.87 to 1.38
eGFRcre	1.27	1.02 to 1.60	0.04^b	1.19	0.95 to 1.48	0.07	1.20	0.88 to 1.64	0.33
eGFRcys	1.18	1.01 to 1.38	0.66	1.12	0.98 to 1.27	0.47	1.24^b	1.03 to 1.49^b	0.30
eGFRcyscre	1.18	0.93 to 1.48	0.62	1.09	0.89 to 1.35	0.62	1.01	0.81 to 1.27	0.69
Umod
mGFR	0.72^b	0.58 to 0.94^b		0.69^b	0.56 to 0.93^b		0.80	0.59 to 1.07
eGFRcre	0.91	0.66 to 1.26	0.04^b^,ⁱ	0.92	0.65 to 1.30	0.02^b^,^j	1.13	0.84 to 1.52	0.03^b
eGFRcys	0.67^b	0.50 to 0.89^b	0.43	0.71^b	0.53 to 0.95^b	0.87	0.98	0.70 to 1.37	0.17
eGFRcyscre	0.74	0.53 to 1.05	0.83	0.75	0.53 to 1.07	0.49	1.04	0.73 to 1.48	0.12
Gal-3
mGFR	1.33^b	1.07 to 1.45^b		1.22	0.97 to 1.35		1.19	0.99 to 1.44
eGFRcre	1.38^b	1.15 to 1.64^b	0.44	1.32^b	1.09 to 1.60^b	0.14	1.18	0.98 to 1.43	0.87
eGFRcys	1.30^b	1.13 to 1.50^b	0.59	1.18^b	1.01 to 1.38^b	0.56	1.09	0.97 to 1.22	0.34
eGFRcyscre	1.38^b	1.18 to 1.63^b	0.31	1.28^b	1.07 to 1.52^b	0.38	1.12	0.96 to 1.32	0.64

Incident CKD is defined as new-onset GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m² during follow-up. CD40Lig, CD40 ligand receptor; CI, confidence interval; cre, creatinine; cys, cystatin C; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; Gal-3, galectin-3; GDF-15, growth/differentiation factor 15; HR, hazard ratio; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; mGFR, measured GFR; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP7, matrix metalloproteinase 7; suPAR, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor; Tie2, TEK tyrosine kinase; TNFR-2, TNF receptor 2; TRAIL-R2, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2; Umod, uromodulin.

A total of 1409 individuals are included in the analysis; the respective numbers of baseline CKD and incident CKD for the GFR methods are: measured GFR; n=8 and n=95. eGFRcre; n=4 and n=51. eGFRcys; n=5 and n=96. eGFRcyscr; n=3 and n=62.

Model 1: sex, age, body mass index, smoke (now, previously, newer).

Model 2: model 1+baseline GFR.

Log2 transformed.

Statistically significant association between protein and incident CKD or statistically significant difference between mGFR and eGFR.

Difference between eGFRcre and eGFRcys:

P value: <0.001.

P value: 0.04.

P value: 0.004.

P value: 0.002.

P value: 0.004.

ⁱ

P value: 0.008.

P value: 0.03.