Table 3.
Physical & psychosocial outcomes for cps of people with spinal cord injurya.
| n | T1 | T2 | Δ | n | T2 | T3 | Δ | n | T1 | T3 | Δ | Effect size (r)b | |||
| Physical | Endurance | 6MWT (m) | 5 | 475 (63.1) | 538.3 (77.7) | 56.7 | 5 | 538.3 (75.9) | 556.1 (85) | 16 | 4 | 477.9 (84.8) | 561.4 (104.9) | 65.1 | 0.65 |
| Powerc | Anaerobic Average Power (W) | 5 | 94 (155) | 152 (132) | 10 | 5 | 152 (140) | 168 (153) | 2 | 4 | 140 (155) | 183 (124) | 28 | 0.38 | |
| Anaerobic Peak Power (W) | 5 | 124 (224) | 216 (198) | 32 | 5 | 216 (211) | 237 (212) | 5 | 4 | 187 (236) | 252 (170) | 33 | 0.52 | ||
| Speed | Self-Selected Walking Speed (m/s) | 5 | 1.24 (0.29) | 1.23 (0.41) | −0.04 | 5 | 1.18 (.37) | 1.22 (.26) | 0.08 | 4 | 1.23 (.25) | 1.2 (.34) | 0 | 0.13 | |
| Fast Walking Speed (m/s) | 5 | 1.89 (0.39) | 1.84 (0.28) | 0.03 | 5 | 1.84 (.29) | 1.91 (.46) | −0.08 | 4 | 1.9 (.44) | 1.96 (.42) | .05 | 0.65 | ||
| Strength | 5xSTS (s) | 5 | 11.4 (5.3) | 9.2 (4.7) | −2.6 | 5 | 8.2 (4.2) | 9.56 (3.4) | 0 | 4 | 11.9 (7.4) | 9.7 (4) | −2 | 0.65 | |
| Psychosocial | Exercise Self-Efficacyd | 5 | 41 (30) | 49 (28.5) | 13 | 5 | 60 (26.5) | 67 (14.5) | −2 | 4 | 42.5 (37.5) | 68.5 (7.5) | 26.5 | 0.52 | |
| Social Support for Exercise – Familye | 5 | 15 (6.5) | 42 (21.5) | 27 | 5 | 42 (28) | 35 (17.5) | 4 | 4 | 15 (6.8) | 40 (13) | 24 | 0.65 | ||
| Social Support for Exercise – Friendse | 5 | 10 (0.5) | 36 (30.5) | 25 | 5 | 36 (32) | 15 (3) | −24 | 4 | 10 (.8) | 14.5 (3.3) | 4.5 | 0.65 | ||
| SF-36f | Physical Function | 5 | 50 (52.5) | 75 (30) | 10 | 5 | 75 (30) | 80 (37.5) | 5 | 4 | 50 (48.8) | 82.5 (38.8) | 20 | 0.57 | |
| Role Limitations Due to Physical Health | 5 | 25 (62.5) | 75 (37.5) | 50 | 5 | 100 (37.5) | 100 (37.5) | 0 | 4 | 12.5 (81.3) | 87.5 (43.8) | 50 | 0.58 | ||
| Role Limitations Due to Emotional Problems | 5 | 0 (83.3) | 66.7 (100) | 0 | 5 | 100 (100) | 100 (50) | 0 | 4 | 0 (75) | 100 (75) | 50 | 0.5 | ||
| Energy/Fatigue | 5 | 20 (42.5) | 60 (30) | 30 | 5 | 55 (50) | 60 (35) | 5 | 4 | 17.5 (27.5) | 62.5 (27.5) | 40 | 0.65 | ||
| Emotional Well-being | 5 | 48 (32) | 64 (18) | 16 | 5 | 72 (20) | 76 (26) | 8 | 4 | 40 (28) | 76 (18) | 26 | 0.5 | ||
| Social Functioning | 5 | 62.5 (25) | 62.5 (56.3) | 12.5 | 5 | 87.5 (56.3) | 75 (37.5) | 0 | 4 | 56.3 (31.3) | 81.3 (37.5) | 37.5 | 0.58 | ||
| Pain | 5 | 45 (56.3) | 67.5 (38.8) | 12.5 | 5 | 57.5 (38.8) | 67.5 (45) | 0 | 4 | 38.8 (61.3) | 72.5 (50) | 22.5 | 0.57 | ||
| General Health | 5 | 55 (30) | 60 (25) | 10 | 5 | 60 (22.5) | 55 (32.5) | −5 | 4 | 52.5 (38.8) | 60 (36.3) | 5 | 0.58 |
T1 assessment occurring before the program, T2 assessment occurring after 13 weeks of the program, T3 assessment occurring after 25 weeks of the program, Δ median of differences, 6MWT Six Minute Walk Test, m meters, W watts, m/s meters per second, 5xSTS Five Times Sit to Stand, s seconds, SF-36 36-Item Short Form Survey.
aData presented as median (IQR).
b Wilcoxon signed-rank test used to assess within group differences between T1 and T3. Effect size calculated using resulting test statistic, Z, from Wilcoxon test. Boldface indicates large effect size (r = ≥ 0.5).
cMeasured via maximal one minute effort on SkiErg®.
dMeasured via Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale. Scores range from 0–90 with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy for exercise.
eMeasured via Sallis Social Support and Exercise Survey. There are two scores, one for family and one for friends that range from 10 to 50 with higher scores indicating greater social support for exercise.
fEach domain in the SF-36 is scored 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating a greater state of health.