Table 1.
Evidence of FMT in treating depression and related disorders.
| Feces of Donors | Recipients | Function and mechanism | Type of Study | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic social defeat stress-susceptible mice | ABX-treated Ephx2 Knockout (KO) mice | Triggered depressive-like behaviors by the microbial-gut-brain (MGB) axis modulation | Experimental study | (70) |
| Chrna7 KO mice | Antibiotics (ABX)-treated mice | Induced depression in ABX mice by modulating the subphrenic vagus nerve | Experimental study | (71) |
| Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R KO) mice | Recipient mice (wild-type mice) | Induced depression-like behavior by modulating the cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway | Experimental study | (75) |
| NLRP3 KO mice | Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mice | Regulated astrocyte dysfunction via circHIPK2, attenuating depressive-like behaviors | Experimental study | (84) |
| Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats | ABX-treated rats | Mitigated inflammation and depressive symptoms by reshaping the microbiota and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation | Experimental study | (85) |
| Mice treated with Ginkgo biloba leaves polysaccharide (GPS) | Unpredictable chronic mild stress mice | Regulated gut microbiota imbalances associated with depression and an increase in lactic acid bacteria abundance | Experimental study | (89) |
| Mice treated with the polysaccharide isolated from okra. | CUMS receptor mice | Exhibited antidepressant effects through its anti-inflammatory properties and modulation of the gut microbiota | Experimental study | (90) |
| Mice treated with Neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAOs) | Chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice | Reversed the CRS-induced mouse model of depression through modulation of gut microbiota and SCFAs, as well as regulation of 5-HT and BDNF levels | Experimental study | (91) |
| Mice treated with Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) | CUMS mice | Exerted antidepressant effects through the MGB axis by modulating PI3K/AKT/TLR4/NF-κB and ERK/CREB/BDNF pathways | Experimental study | (92) |
| Mice treated with Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) | CRS mice | Exerted antitumor activity by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway through the regulation of the gut microbiota | Experimental study | (95) |
| Individuals with ulcerative colitis and depression | Mouse models of anxiety/depression (AD) and colitis | Mitigated stress-induced AD-like behaviors, circulating IL-6 and corticosterone, colonic IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota | Experimental study | (98) |
| Mice treated with Zhi Zi Chi decoction (ZZCD) | Anxious and depressed mice | Regulated the HPA axis, influenced the secretion of prolactin and estrogen, interfered with MAPK and TNF signaling pathways, and reduced inflammation levels, thus contributing to inhibiting anxiety and depression | Experimental study | (100) |
| Healthy individuals | Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with mild to modest anxiety and depression | Alleviated anxiety, depression, and IBS symptoms, resulting in significant improvements in the quality of life of the patients | Randomized controlled trial | (102) |
| Healthy individuals | IBS with diarrhea patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression | Enhanced gut microbiota diversity, helped restore microbial balance, and resulted in improvements in IBS symptoms, stool consistency, as well as reductions in anxiety and depression scores post-treatment | Randomized controlled trial | (103) |
| Healthy individuals | Adult patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) | Exhibited notable enhancements in mean gastrointestinal symptom scores and demonstrated superior improvements in quality-of-life measures | Randomized controlled trial | (104) |
Antibiotics, ABX; Anxiety/depression, AD; Chronic restraint stress. CRS; Chronic social defeat stress, CSDS; Chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS; Chronic unpredictable stress, CUS; Ginkgo biloba leaves, GPS; Irritable bowel syndrome, IBS; Knockout, KO; Major depressive disorder, MDD; Microbial-gut-brain, MGB; Neoagaro-oligosaccharides, NAOs; Polysaccharide peptide, PSP; Sigma-1 receptor, Sig-1R KO; Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, XCHT; Zhi Zi Chi decoction, ZZCD.