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. 2024 Jul 8;15:5730. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50154-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a The expression of CDC42 and CDC42-165aa in the indicated MH-S was detected by immunoblotting (n = 3 biological replicates). b Results of the MTT assay showing the viability of MH-S cells (n = 5 biological replicates). c The ELISA results indicating the levels of TNF and IL-6 in the MH-S cell supernatants (n = 5 biological replicates). d Light microscopy analysis of the morphology of MH-S cells treated as indicated, the red arrows indicate pyroptotic cells (n = 3 biological replicates). Scale bar, 20 μm. e The release of LDH from MH-S cells was treated as indicated and presented as a percent of medium activity compared to cell lysate from cells (n = 4 biological replicates). f Immunoblotting analysis of the expression of Caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β in the indicated MH-S cells (n = 3 biological replicates). g The secretion of IL-1β in the indicated MH-S cell supernatants was detected by ELISA (n = 4 biological replicates). Data are presented as the means ± SD. b One-way ANOVA with Tukey test. c, e, g Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. p-values: (b) p = 1.86E-06 (siNC vs siNC + KP), p = 1.26E-06 (siNC + KP vs si-circCDC42 + KP), p = 2.92E-06 (EV vs EV + KP), p = 5.23E-05 (EV + KP vs OE + KP). (c) TNF: p = 1.23E-10 (siNC vs siNC + KP), p = 3.15E-10 (siNC + KP vs si-circCDC42 + KP), p = 5.54E-09 (EV vs EV + KP), p = 8.96E-05 (EV + KP vs OE + KP); IL-6: p = 5.44E-10 (siNC vs siNC + KP), p = 1.50E-05 (siNC + KP vs si-circCDC42 + KP), p = 9.21E-07 (EV vs EV + KP), p = 3.08E-05 (EV + KP vs OE + KP). (e) p = 4.63E-06 (siNC vs siNC + KP), p = 0.0011 (siNC + KP vs si-circCDC42 + KP), p = 2.29E-07 (EV vs EV + KP), p = 0.0004 (EV + KP vs OE + KP). (g) p = 6.01E-10 (siNC vs siNC + KP), p = 0.0011 (siNC + KP vs si-circCDC42 + KP), p = 1.95E-05 (EV vs EV + KP), p = 0.0004 (EV + KP vs OE + KP). See also Figure S3. Source data are provided as a Source data file.