Table 1.

Ten ChatGPT-generated systematic review topics relating to cleft lip, the corresponding number of non-systematic and systematic reviews already published on the topic, and novelty status

Research topic	No. of non-systematic reviews published	No. of systematic reviews published	Novel idea?
A systematic review of the long-term outcomes of cleft lip repair surgery in children, including patient satisfaction, functional outcomes, and quality of life.	2,449	54	N
A systematic review of the effectiveness of different surgical techniques for cleft lip repair, including comparative studies of outcomes and complications.	56	5	N
A systematic review of the psychological impact of cleft lip on patients and their families, including the incidence of depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues.	615	17	N
A systematic review of the economic burden of cleft lip repair surgery, including the cost of surgery, follow-up care, and potential long-term healthcare costs.	198	1	N
A systematic review of the impact of cleft lip on speech development in children, including the incidence of speech disorders and the effectiveness of speech therapy.	510	2	N
A systematic review of the impact of cleft lip on dental development in children, including the incidence of dental anomalies and the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.	227	1	N
A systematic review of the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of cleft lip, including risk factors and potential prevention strategies.	293	4	N
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cleft lip in different populations and regions around the world, including differences in gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.	106	0	Y
A systematic review of the effectiveness of multidisciplinary cleft lip teams in improving patient outcomes and reducing complications.	57	0	Y
A systematic review of the impact of cleft lip on social functioning and relationships, including the incidence of social stigmatization and discrimination.	24	1	N