Table 3.

Five ChatGPT-generated systematic review topics relating to Millard repair, corresponding number of non-systematic and systematic reviews already published on topic, and novelty status

Research topic	No. of non-systematic reviews published	No. of systematic reviews published	Novel idea?
A systematic review of the impact of Millard repair on speech development in children with cleft lip, including the incidence of speech disorders and the effectiveness of speech therapy.	3	0	Y
A systematic review of the impact of Millard repair on dental development in children with cleft lip, including the incidence of dental anomalies and the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.	9	0	Y
A systematic review of the psychological impact of Millard repair on patients and their families, including the incidence of depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues.	2	0	Y
A systematic review of the economic burden of Millard repair for cleft lip, including the cost of surgery, follow-up care, and potential long- term healthcare costs.	1	0	Y
A systematic review of the effectiveness of different anesthetic techniques for Millard repair of cleft lip, including comparative studies of outcomes and complications.	2	0	Y