Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | All | Benin | Cameroon | Gambia | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Symptoms | |||||
| Cough | 41 (42.0) | 14 (40.0) | 7 (54.0) | 20 (40.0) | 0.645 |
| Current wheeze | 54 (55.0) | 20 (57.0) | 10 (77.0) | 24 (48.0) | 0.153 |
| Shortness of breath | 29 (30.0) | 6 (17.0) | 2 (15.0) | 21 (42.0) | 0.028* |
| Physician diagnosis | |||||
| Asthma | 78 (80.0) | 29 (83.0) | 9 (69.0) | 40 (80.0) | 0.669 |
| COPD | 16 (16.0) | 4 (11.0) | 3 (23.0) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Chronic bronchitis | 4 (4.0) | 2 (6.0) | 1 (8.0) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Reported exacerbation within last 1 year | |||||
| 0 | 47 (48.0) | 15 (43.0) | 3 (23.0) | 29 (58.0) | 0.076 |
| 1–2 | 16 (16.0) | 4 (11.0) | 3 (23.0) | 9 (18.0) | |
| 3–5 | 18 (18.0) | 6 (17.0) | 5 (38.0) | 7 (14.0) | |
| >5 | 17 (18.0) | 10 (29.0) | 2 (16.0) | 5 (10.0) | |
| Level of disease control/disease impact | |||||
| ACT | |||||
| Good (≥20) | 26 (34.0) | 6 (23.0) | 5 (50.0) | 15 (38.0) | 0.255 |
| Poor (≤19) | 50 (66.0) | 20 (77.0) | 5 (50.0) | 25 (62.0) | |
| CAT | |||||
| Mild (<10) | 2 (10.0) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (10.0) | 0.519 |
| Moderate(10–20) | 13 (62.00) | 6 (75.0) | 1 (33.0) | 6 (60.0) | |
| Severe (≥21) | 6 (28.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (67.0) | 3 (30.0) | |
| Spirometry characteristics | All | Benin | Cameroon | Gambia | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 98) | (n = 35) | (n = 13) | (n = 50) | ||
| Spirometry indices, mean ± SD | |||||
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 69.7 ± 21.5 | 66.5 ± 22.2 | 69.5 ± 25.4 | 71.2 ± 20.2 | 0.707 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 83.6 ± 17.7 | 78.1 ± 16.9 | 81.7 ± 23.6 | 86.8 ± 15.6 | 0.134 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 66.5 ± 15.4 | 63.9 ± 14.6 | 72.9 ± 14.7 | 66.7 ± 16.0 | 0.196 |
| Spirometry patterns | |||||
| Normal | 29 (29.6) | 8 (22.9) | 6 (46.0) | 15 (30.0) | 0.277 |
| Airflow obstruction | 66 (67.3) | 27 (77.1) | 7 (54.0) | 32 (64.0) | |
| Restrictive | 3 (3.1) | 0 | 0 | 3 (6.0) | |
*
χ2 with Yates correction.
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACT = Asthma Control Test; CAT = COPD Assessment Test; SD = standard deviation; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in first second; FVC = forced vital capacity.