Table. Characteristics of Study Population Before and After Propensity Score Matchinga.
| Variable | No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before matching | After matching | ||||||
| Tirzepatide (n = 9193) | Semaglutide (n = 32 029) | Overall (n = 41 222) | Tirzepatide (n = 9193) | Semaglutide (n = 9192) | Overall (n = 18 386) | Absolute SMD | |
| Age | 51.9 (12.7) | 56.4 (13.0) | 55.4 (13.1) | 51.9 (12.7) | 52.0 (13.2) | 52.0 (12.9) | .01 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 6484 (70.5) | 21 060 (65.8) | 27 544 (66.8) | 6484 (70.5) | 6486 (70.6) | 12 970 (70.5) | <.001 |
| Male | 2709 (29.5) | 10 969 (34.2) | 13 678 (33.2%) | 2709 (29.5) | 2707 (29.4) | 5416 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Race | |||||||
| Asian | 156 (1.7) | 880 (2.7) | 1036 (2.5) | 156 (1.7) | 198 (2.2) | 354 (1.9) | .005 |
| Black | 1050 (11.4) | 4481 (14.0) | 5531 (13.4) | 1050 (11.4) | 1121 (12.2) | 2171 (11.8) | .008 |
| White | 7097 (77.2) | 23 559 (73.6) | 30 656 (74.4) | 7097 (77.2) | 7085 (77.1) | 14 182 (77.1) | .001 |
| Other or unknownb | 890 (9.7) | 3109 (9.7) | 3999 (9.7) | 890 (9.7) | 789 (8.6) | 1679 (9.1) | .01 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 1414 (15.4) | 4252 (13.3) | 5666 (13.7) | 1414 (15.4) | 1374 (14.9) | 2788 (15.2) | .01 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 7355 (80.0) | 26 093 (81.5) | 33 448 (81.1) | 7355 (80.0) | 7416 (80.7) | 14 771 (80.3) | .007 |
| Other | 424 (4.6) | 1684 (5.3) | 2108 (5.1) | 424 (4.6) | 403 (4.4) | 827 (4.5) | .002 |
| Education: any college on record | 5467 (59.5) | 14 275 (44.6) | 19 742 (47.9) | 5467 (59.5) | 5463 (59.4) | 10 930 (59.4) | <.001 |
| Income range, $ | |||||||
| 0-25 000 | 220 (2.4) | 853 (2.7) | 1073 (2.6) | 220 (2.4) | 290 (3.2) | 510 (2.8) | .008 |
| 25 001-50 000 | 3763 (40.9) | 14 602 (45.6) | 18 365 (44.6) | 3763 (40.9) | 3851 (41.9) | 7614 (41.4) | .01 |
| 50 001-80 000 | 3521 (38.3) | 11 376 (35.5) | 14 897 (36.1) | 3521 (38.3) | 3423 (37.2) | 6944 (37.8) | .01 |
| >80 000 | 1490 (16.2) | 4354 (13.6) | 5844 (14.2) | 1490 (16.2) | 1428 (15.5) | 2918 (15.9) | .007 |
| Unknown | 199 (2.2) | 844 (2.6) | 1043 (2.5) | 199 (2.2) | 201 (2.2) | 400 (2.2) | <.001 |
| State | |||||||
| Texas | 3997 (43.5) | 9397 (29.3) | 13 394 (32.5) | 3997 (43.5) | 3969 (43.2) | 7966 (43.3) | .006 |
| Wisconsin | 591 (6.4) | 2850 (8.9) | 3441 (8.3) | 591 (6.4) | 582 (6.3) | 1173 (6.4) | .004 |
| Illinois | 583 (6.3) | 3239 (10.1) | 3822 (9.3) | 583 (6.3) | 586 (6.4) | 1169 (6.4) | .001 |
| Ohio | 906 (9.9) | 2425 (7.6) | 3331 (8.1) | 906 (9.9) | 917 (10.0) | 1823 (9.9) | .004 |
| Washington | 458 (5.0) | 3538 (11.0) | 3996 (9.7) | 458 (5.0) | 457 (5.0) | 915 (5.0) | <.001 |
| California | 754 (8.2) | 3021 (9.4) | 3775 (9.2) | 754 (8.2) | 750 (8.2) | 1504 (8.2) | .00 |
| Other | 1904 (20.7) | 7559 (23.6) | 9463 (23.0) | 1904 (20.7) | 1932 (21.0) | 3836 (20.9) | .008 |
| Weight, kg | 110 (25.7) | 109 (25.2) | 109 (25.3) | 110 (25.7) | 110 (25.8) | 110 (25.8) | 0.01 (25.8) |
| BMIc | 39.0 (8.08) | 38.6 (7.92) | 38.7 (7.96) | 39.0 (8.08) | 39.1 (8.09) | 39.1 (8.09) | .008 |
| Unknown | 1202 (13.1) | 2661 (8.3) | 3863 (9.4) | 1202 (13.1) | 1211 (13.2) | 2413 (13.1) | <.001 |
| Years since first overweight/obesity | 4.48 (3.11) | 5.08 (3.28) | 4.95 (3.25) | 4.48 (3.11) | 4.50 (3.11) | 4.49 (3.11) | .004 |
| T2D | 4773 (51.9) | 22 890 (71.5) | 27 663 (67.1) | 4773 (51.9) | 4790 (52.1) | 9563 (52.0) | .004 |
| Years since first T2D (among patients with T2D) | 3.54 (3.21) | 4.24 (4.09) | 4.12 (3.96) | 3.54 (3.21) | 3.42 (3.36) | 3.48 (3.29) | .04 |
| Months since May 2022 | 8.48 (3.93) | 8.44 (4.59) | 8.45 (4.45) | 8.48 (3.93) | 8.69 (4.50) | 8.59 (4.23) | .05 |
| No. of HBA1c tests in previous 2 y | 2.19 (1.89) | 2.85 (2.10) | 2.71 (2.07) | 2.19 (1.89) | 2.21 (1.87) | 2.20 (1.88) | .008 |
| Bariatric surgery history | 385 (4.2) | 1140 (3.6) | 1525 (3.7) | 385 (4.2) | 367 (4.0) | 752 (4.1) | .002 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 404 (4.4) | 2332 (7.3) | 2736 (6.6) | 404 (4.4) | 405 (4.4) | 809 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Asthma | 1658 (18.0) | 6253 (19.5) | 7911 (19.2) | 1658 (18.0) | 1689 (18.4) | 3347 (18.2) | .009 |
| CKD | 833 (9.1) | 4909 (15.3) | 5742 (13.9) | 833 (9.1) | 852 (9.3) | 1685 (9.2) | .007 |
| COPD | 412 (4.5) | 2471 (7.7) | 2883 (7.0) | 412 (4.5) | 416 (4.5) | 828 (4.5) | .002 |
| Glaucoma | 133 (1.4) | 786 (2.5) | 919 (2.2) | 133 (1.4) | 135 (1.5) | 268 (1.5) | <.001 |
| Heart failure | 442 (4.8) | 2852 (8.9) | 3294 (8.0) | 442 (4.8) | 452 (4.9) | 894 (4.9) | .005 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5736 (62.4) | 23 839 (74.4) | 29 575 (71.7) | 5736 (62.4) | 5802 (63.1) | 11 538 (62.8) | .015 |
| Hypertension | 5741 (62.4) | 23 393 (73.0) | 29 134 (70.7) | 5741 (62.4) | 5747 (62.5) | 11 488 (62.5) | .001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 449 (4.9) | 2600 (8.1) | 3049 (7.4) | 449 (4.9) | 446 (4.9) | 895 (4.9) | .002 |
| Osteoporosis | 269 (2.9) | 1318 (4.1) | 1587 (3.8) | 269 (2.9) | 281 (3.1) | 550 (3.0) | .001 |
| Acute MI | 161 (1.8) | 942 (2.9) | 1103 (2.7) | 161 (1.8) | 145 (1.6) | 306 (1.7) | .002 |
| Ischemic stroke | 12 (0.1) | 73 (0.2) | 85 (0.2) | 12 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | <.001 |
| Major depressive disorder | 2026 (22.0) | 7603 (23.7) | 9629 (23.4) | 2026 (22.0) | 2018 (22.0) | 4044 (22.0) | .002 |
| ADM | |||||||
| DPP4 | 659 (7.2) | 3175 (9.9) | 3834 (9.3) | 659 (7.2) | 666 (7.2) | 1325 (7.2) | .003 |
| Insulin | 485 (5.3) | 2634 (8.2) | 3119 (7.6) | 485 (5.3) | 488 (5.3) | 973 (5.3) | .001 |
| Metformin | 4179 (45.5) | 19 557 (61.1) | 23 736 (57.6) | 4179 (45.5) | 4217 (45.9) | 8396 (45.7) | .008 |
| SGLT2i | 1162 (12.6) | 5828 (18.2) | 6990 (17.0) | 1162 (12.6) | 1176 (12.8) | 2338 (12.7) | .005 |
| Sulfonylurea | 1102 (12.0) | 6274 (19.6) | 7376 (17.9) | 1102 (12.0) | 1073 (11.7) | 2175 (11.8) | .01 |
| AOM | |||||||
| Orlistat | 17 (0.2) | 53 (0.2) | 70 (0.2) | 17 (0.2) | 21 (0.2) | 38 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Phentermine topiramate | 88 (1.0) | 155 (0.5) | 243 (0.6) | 88 (1.0) | 76 (0.8) | 164 (0.9) | .001 |
Abbreviations: ADM, antidiabetic medication; AOM, anti-obesity medication; Black, Black or African American; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; MI, myocardial infarction; SGLT2i, sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; SMD, standardized mean difference; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
a
Categorical variables expressed as No. (%). Durations (overweight/obesity and T2D) refer to time (years) since first evidence in electronic health record. Other state includes unknown and states with less than 3% of the prematch sample: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and unknown.
b
Other race includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, other race, unknown, declined to answer. Absolute SMDs are reported.
c
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.