Van der Does 1989.
Methods | Randomisation by the DCLSG Central Office (patients were stratified by institution and sex) | |
Participants | 240 children (age 0 to 15 years; 119 boys and 121 girls) with standard risk acute lymphocytic leukaemia (nm if primary disease or relapse) Prior treatment nm Prior cardiac dysfunction nm |
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Interventions | Chemotherapy without daunorubicin (N = 122) versus chemotherapy including daunorubicin (N = 118) Cumulative daunorubicin dose nm (according to protocol 100 mg/m2); peak dose (i.e. the maximal dose received in one week) 25 mg/m2; infusion duration nm. Patients achieving complete remission within 6 weeks of the start of induction chemotherapy underwent cranial irradiation (dose adjusted to age) in combination with intrathecal methotrexate and prednisone No surgery No cardioprotective interventions |
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Outcomes |
Overall survival (defined as time from diagnosis to time of death) Event‐free survival (defined as time from diagnosis to induction failure, relapse, death in remission, or the occurrence of a second tumour) Tumour response (complete remission defined as < 5% blast cells and normal hematopoiesis in the bone marrow without evidence of disease at any other site) |
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Notes | Median follow‐up for all patients 64 months (range 34 to 87 months) Age in treatment group ranged from 0 to 15 years; age in the control group ranged from 1 to 15 years |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | It was stated that randomisation was peformed by the DCLSG Central Office, but no further information on the methods of randomization was provided |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Randomisation was performed by the DCLSG Central Office |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Unclear risk | No information on blinding of participants and personnel was provided |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias): overall survival | Low risk | No information on blinding of outcome assessors was provided, but since this is not applicable for overall survival we judged this as a low risk of bias |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias): outcomes other than overall survival | Unclear risk | No information on blinding of outcome assessors was provided for event‐free survival and tumour response |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias): overall survival | Low risk | All patients were included in the analyses |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias): event‐free survival | Low risk | All patients were included in the analyses |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias): tumour response | Low risk | All patients were included in the analyses |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | There was no protocol mentioned in the manuscript (and we did not search for it), but not all expected outcomes were reported |
Other bias | Unclear risk |
Block randomisation in unblinded trials: unclear (see information provided at earlier associated risk of bias items) Baseline imbalance between treatment arms related to outcome (prior cardiotoxic treatment, age, sex and/or prior cardiac dysfunction): unclear (age and sex were balanced between treatment arms; this was unclear for prior cardiotoxic treatment and prior cardiac dysfunction) Difference in length of follow‐up between treatment arms: unclear (not reported) Inappropriate influence of funders: unclear (no information provided) |
nm: not mentioned; DCLSG: Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group; CNS: central nervous system; FH: favourable histology; UH: unfavourable histology; FAB: French‐American‐British