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. 2024 Jul 9;22:403. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02697-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes supress microglia pyroptosis and promote motor function recovery after SCI in vivo. (A) Schematic diagram of experimental design; (B-C) Typical diagrams of swimming tests in sham group, SCI + PBS and SCI + Exosomes mice at day 28 after injury; (D) BMS scores of sham group, treated with PBS and Exosomes mice during the recovery period 28 days after injury; (E-F) Electrophysiological assessment with MEP analysis in sham group, SCI + PBS, and SCI + Exosomes mice at day 28 post-injury; (G-H) Typical diagrams of footprint tests in sham group, SCI + PBS, and SCI + Exosomes mice at day 28 after injury (n = 5 per group); (I-J) Representative immunofluorescence staining images of GSDMD/Caspase-1 (red) and IBA-1 (green) in sham group and SCI areas at day 7 after injury in SCI + PBS and SCI + Exosomes mice; (K) Quantification of fuorescence intensity of GSDMD and Caspase-1; (L) Western blot analysis of pyroptosis-related protein expression at sham group and day 7 after injury in SCI + PBS and SCI + Exosomes mice; (M) Quantitative analysis of pyroptosis-related protein. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (n = 3 per group)