Figure 1. Code availability in biomedical research.

(A) Availability of code across the 453 biomedical articles. (B) Code availability status across 453 manuscripts on the basis of code availability statement. (C) Number of studies sharing code across primary and secondary analysis studies. Chi-squared statistic: 28.106. p-value: 1.15 × 10⁻⁰⁷ (D) Number of studies sharing code and data across all studies. Chi-squared statistic: 44.16. p-value: 3.02 × 10⁻¹¹ (E) Code and data sharing status across primary studies. (F) Cumulative percentage of articles published each year that share code, relative to the total number of articles published from 2016 to 2021 (n = 453).