Table 1.
Characteristics of SALSA participants according to diabetes status at enrollment*.
| Variable | Diabetes at enrollment (n = 488) | Free of diabetes at enrollment (n = 1007) |
|---|---|---|
| A) Baseline information | ||
|
| ||
| Age (years old) | 69.9 ± 6.5 | 70.2 ± 6.7 |
| Male, N (%) | 213 (43.7) | 405 (40.2) |
| US born, N (%) | 280 (57.4) | 472 (46.9) |
| Education years, N (%) | ||
| 0 | 68 (13.9) | 117 (11.6) |
| 1–8 | 220 (45.1) | 478 (47.5) |
| 9–12 | 117 (24.0) | 234 (23.2) |
| ≥13 | 83 (17.0) | 178 (17.7) |
| Married, N (%) | 295 (60.5) | 576 (57.2) |
| Type of occupation, N (%) | ||
| Non-manual | 109 (22.3) | 220 (21.9) |
| Manual | 287 (58.8) | 596 (59.2) |
| Other | 92 (18.9) | 191 (19.0) |
| Smoking, N (%) | ||
| Current | 45 (9.2) | 126 (12.5) |
| Former | 229 (46.9) | 412 (40.9) |
| Never | 214 (43.9) | 469 (46.6) |
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) | 203 (41.6) | 622 (61.8) |
| Physical Activity (METs per week) | 64.3 ± 72.5 | 75.2 ± 74.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.1 ± 6.3 | 29.2 ± 5.6 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 39.9 ± 4.8 | 37.4 ± 5.2 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 400 (82.0) | 637 (63.3) |
| Cardiovascular diseases, N (%) | 234 (48.0) | 308 (30.6) |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117 ± 35 | 126 ± 34 |
| Statin use, N (%) | 54 (11.1) | 82 (8.1) |
| CESD scale | 10.7 ± 10.7 | 9.5 ± 10.4 |
| Anti-depressant use, N(%) | 55 (11.3) | 69 (6.9) |
|
| ||
| B) Follow-up information (at the first follow-up visit) | Diabetes at enrollment (n = 356) | Free of diabetes at enrollment (n = 780) |
|
| ||
| Years from enrollment to the first follow-up | 1.12 ± 0.21 | 1.13 ± 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.0 ± 6.5 | 29.2 ± 5.8 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 39.6 ± 5.2 | 37.6 ± 5.2 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 310 (87.1) | 574 (73.6) |
| Cardiovascular diseases, N (%) | 198 (55.6) | 270 (34.6) |
| Statin use, N (%) | 62 (17.4) | 103 (13.2) |
| CESD scale | 9.7 ± 10.4 | 7.9 ± 9.6 |
| Anti-depressant use, N(%) | 41 (11.5) | 63 (8.1) |
SALSA = Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging; METs = metabolic equivalent for task; BMI= body mass index; LDL= low-density lipoprotein; CESD= the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression.
*a
Data are presented as count (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation otherwise indicated.