Fig. 5.

Correlation between the autosomal ancestral proportions and the frequencies of the Y-chromosome lineages. a to f) Scatter plots display statistically significant positive correlations between autosomal-based ancestral proportions and population-specific founding paternal lineages. g) Correlations between autosomal-based admixture estimates of ancestral proportions and frequencies of paternal lineages are shown. Correlations involving proportions of different ancestral sources were excluded, and the initial clustering positions of these correlations are marked with arrows. This visual analysis elucidates the complex interplay between autosomal and Y-chromosomal data in tracing genetic heritage and lineage dynamics.