Table 2.
5-year time-weighted average exposure to transportation noise and air pollution in 11 Nordic cohortsa
| Exposure | DCH | DNC | MDC | PPS | GOT-MONICA | SDPP | SIXTY | SNAC-K | SALT | SMC | FINRISK | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road traffic noise, continuous (dB Lden) | Median | 56.7 | 53.5 | 54.6 | 57.5 | 55.7 | 44.4 | 50.7 | 62.3 | 51.7 | 55.7 | 54.1 | 55.0 |
| (5th, 95th percentile) | (45.0, 69.3) | (40.2, 66.9) | (42.4, 67.6) | (45.4, 72.3) | (40.0, 69.7) | (40.0, 58.2) | (40.0, 66.6) | (51.4, 71.8) | (40.0, 67.0) | (40.3, 66.5) | (42.0, 68.1) | (40.1, 68.1) | |
| Railway noise, categorical (%) | Exposed >40 dB | 25.9 | 18.9 | 28.1 | 15.2 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 31.8 | 52.0 | 34.3 | —b | 34.2 | 25.4 |
| Railway noise, continuous (dB Lden) | Median | 52.3 | 53.1 | 46.8 | 44.8 | 44.6 | 50.5 | 48.9 | 49.0 | 49.2 | — | 47.6 | 50.3 |
| (5th, 95th percentile) | (42.2, 66.6) | (42.0, 66.0) | (40.6, 67.7) | (40.4, 58.8) | (40.4, 57.6) | (42.2, 67.3) | (40.7, 63.7) | (41.7, 59.3) | (40.7, 64.1) | — | (40.7, 63.7) | (41.1, 65.8) | |
| Aircraft noise, categorical (%) | <40 dB | 98.6 | 98.8 | — | — | — | 74.7 | 83.5 | 15.8 | 83.3 | — | 95.6 | 93.3 |
| 40–49 dB | 0.7 | 0.4 | — | — | — | 9.6 | 13.5 | 65.0 | 13.6 | — | 0.6 | 3.9 | |
| 50–54 dB | 0.04 | 0.5 | — | — | — | 10.3 | 2.3 | 18.4 | 2.8 | — | 2.4 | 1.8 | |
| ≥55 dB | 0.7 | 0.4 | — | — | — | 45.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | — | 1.4 | 1.0 | |
| PM2.5, continuous (µg/m3)c | Median | 19.3 | 21.0 | 11.1 | — | 10.0 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 14.0 | 7.4 | 15.8 |
| (5th, 95th percentile) | (18.6, 24.0) | (15.7, 26.4)e | (9.7, 12.5) | — | (8.1, 12.0) | (6.7, 8.4) | (6.9, 9.6) | (7.7, 10.3) | (6.5, 9.3) | (12.8, 15.2) | (6.8, 9.3) | (7.2, 24.0) | |
| NO2, continuous (µg/m3)d | Median | 27.4 | 10.9 | 24.4 | 30.8 | 27.4 | 8.6 | 12.9 | 20.4 | 13.1 | 6.5 | 15.4 | 21.7 |
| (5th, 95th percentile) | (19.5, 46.6) | (5.6, 28.2)f | (13.8, 35.2) | (23.1, 43.4)g | (18.5, 42.0) | (4.9, 13.9) | (5.3, 26.1) | (15.1, 32.3) | (5.5, 25.4) | (3.8, 17.4) | (10.9, 25.1) | (5.2, 38.9) |
DCH, DNC, MDC, PPS, GOT-MONICA, SDPP, SIXTY, SNAC-K, SALT, SMC, FINRISK.
—, no data.
PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm (fine particulate matter).
NO2, nitrogen dioxide.
2.5% missing.
9.5% missing.
2.4% missing.
DCH indicates Diet, Cancer and Health cohort; DNC, Danish Nurses Cohort; FINRISK, the National FINRISK study; GOT-MONICA, Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease cohort (Gothenburg); MDC, Malmö Diet and Cancer study; PPS, Primary Prevention Study cohort; SALT, Stockholm Screening Across the Lifespan Twin study; SDPP, Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program; SIXTY the Stockholm Cohort of 60-year-olds; SMC, The Swedish Mammography Cohort; SNAC-K, Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen.