Figure 4.

Sex-matched islet TX confers better glucose tolerance than sex-mismatched transplantationA. Schematic diagram of sex-matched and sex-mismatched islet TX for scRNA-seq. Single islet cells are collected for scRNA-seq 9 months post-TX. B. t-SNE with cell type information. β cells from endo-islet and TX-islet cells in both sex-matched and sex-mismatched TX experiments are identified by high expression of Ins2. More details are provided in Figure S2A. C. Correlation analysis between TX-β and endo-β cells. Scatterplot depicting correlation of log₂ FC values generated by comparing TX-β cells (sex-matched or sex-mismatched) to male endo-β cells (left panel) or female endo-β cells (right panel). D. GSEA of sex-matched and sex-mismatched TX-β cells. Leading-edge genes of the longevity regulating pathway are zoomed in with heatmap. E. Schematic diagram of sex-matched and sex-mismatched islet TX for β cell functional test in STZ-induced female diabetic mice. F. Oral glucose tolerance test for mice after sex-matched and sex-mismatched islet TX. Time course is shown on the left and AUC values are shown on the right. Glucose (2 g/kg body weight) is gavaged after 6 h fasting, and blood glucose level is detected at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min after glucose gavage. The blue line represents the sex-mismatched islet TX (n = 4); the red line represents sex-matched islet TX (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *, P < 0.05 (two-sample t-test). TX, transplanted/transplantation; endo-islet, endogenous islet of recipient mouse; endo-β, endogenous β cell of recipient mouse; TX-β, transplanted β cell; STZ, streptozotocin.