Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regressions
| All questions | Question 1 | Question 2 | Question 3 | Question 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age, years | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.381 | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.021 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.273 | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.066 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.796 |
| Sex (Ref. other) | ||||||||||
| Female | 1.48 (0.68–3.19) | 0.316 | 3.57 (0.50–25.60) | 0.204 | 0.59 (0.06–5.83) | 0.659 | 2.31 (0.20–26.06) | 0.497 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 0.575 |
| Male | 1.53 (0.71–3.31) | 0.277 | 4.23 (0.58–30.47) | 0.152 | 0.55 (0.05–5.46) | 0.617 | 2.73 (0.24–31.03) | 0.416 | 0.82 (0.81–1.35) | 0.574 |
| Education (Ref. high school graduate) | ||||||||||
| Elementary school | 0.85 (0.49–1.48) | 0.576 | 1.46 (0.26–8.15) | 0.662 | 0.29 (0.06–1.39) | 0.124 | 2.64 (0.54–12.85) | 0.229 | 0.17 (0.02–1.47) | 0.108 |
| Middle school | 1.02 (0.90–1.17) | 0.675 | 1.16 (0.74–1.79) | 0.506 | 0.84 (0.56–1.25) | 0.398 | 1.19 (0.80–1.76) | 0.379 | 1.11 (0.75–1.66) | 0.087 |
| College graduates | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | < 0.01 | 0.64 (0.48–0.85) | < 0.01 | 0.72 (0.55–0.95) | 0.019 | 0.80 (0.61–1.05) | 0.108 | 0.78 (0.59–1.03) | 0.584 |
| Duration of MS disease, years | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.711 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.736 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.711 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.066 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.502 |
| MS clinical descriptors (Ref. “PPMS”) | ||||||||||
| RRMS | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.114 | 0.45 (0.22–0.90) | 0.025 | 0.66 (0.37–1.19) | 0.169 | 0.78 (0.44–1.37) | 0.460 | 0.93 (0.52–1.64) | 0.804 |
| SPMS | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.383 | 0.36 (0.16–0.80) | 0.012 | 0.83 (0.41–1.68) | 0.610 | 0.47 (0.23–0.96) | 0.038 | 2.19 (1.10–4.35) | 0.025 |
| “I don’t know” | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 0.365 | 0.44 (0.20–0.93) | 0.032 | 0.78 (0.41–1.48) | 0.451 | 0.79 (0.42–1.47) | 0.460 | 1.31 (0.70–2.47) | 0.393 |
| Depression | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.173 | 0.67 (0.51–0.89) | < 0.01 | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 0.526 | 0.81 (0.63–1.05) | 0.127 | 0.93 (0.71–1.27) | 0.624 |
| Subjective memory and attention deficit | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 0.423 | 0.79 (0.56–1.04) | 0.097 | 1.39 (1.06–1.81) | 0.014 | 0.84 (0.64–1.09) | 0.203 | 1.45 (1.11–1.90) | < 0.01 |
The main outcome (likelihood of selecting the ChatGPT response) was evaluated through a stratified analysis employing logistic regression models, by assessing the frequency of selecting the ChatGPT option divided by the total number of questions. This approach was adopted to address variations in the nature of the questions. Covariates were age, sex, treatment duration, clinical descriptors, self-reported cognitive deficit, depressive symptoms and educational attainment
CI Confidence interval, IRR incidence rate ratio, MS multiple sclerosis, OR odds ratio, PPMS primary progressive multiple sclerosis, RRMS relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, SPMS secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis; the use of bold formatting within the table was employed to highlight significant values