Table 1.
Optimization of the photochemical chemodivergent reactiona
| Entry | Catalyst | Solvent | Time | 3a (%)c | 4a (%)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PTH1 | Toluene | 1 h | 38 | 2 |
| 2 | PTH2 | Toluene | 30 min | 89 (86)d | 7 |
| 3 | PTH3 | Toluene | 20 min | 68 | 21 |
| 4 | PTH4 | Toluene | 20 min | 70 | 22 |
| 5e | fac-Ir(ppy)3 | Toluene | 6 h | 67 | 8 |
| 6 | PTH2 | CH3CN | 45 min | 73 | 6 |
| 7 | PTH2 | DMF | 1 h | 38 | 2 |
| 8 | PTH2 | DMSO | 1 h | 35 | 2 |
| 9 | PTH2 | 1,2-DCE | 30 min | 76 | 5 |
| 10 | PTH4 | Toluene | 24 h | 3 | 81 (79)d |
| 11 | PTH3 | Toluene | 24 h | 4 | 76 |
| 12 | PTH2 | Toluene | 24 h | 82 | 11 |
| 13e | fac-Ir(ppy)3 | Toluene | 24 h | 61 | 12 |
| 14 | - | Toluene | 30 min | 2 | 0 |
| 15 | - | Toluene | 24 h | 4 | 0 |
| 16 f | PTH2 | Toluene | 30 min | 0 | 0 |
| 17 g | PTH2 | Toluene | 30 min | 78 | 5 |
| 18 h | PTH2 | Toluene | 24 h | 3 | 0 |
| 19 h | - | Toluene | 24 h | 3 | 0 |
aConditions: 1a (0.4 mmol), 2a (0.2 mmol), photo-catalyst (5 mol%), solvent (2 mL), degassed condition, irradiation with LEDs light (λmax = 390 nm) with 100% intensity at 30–35 °C; after completion of photo-reaction, 1 equivalent AlCl3 (0.2 mmol) was added at 0 °C and stirred for 1 h; bAlCl3 is necessary only facilitate S-cyclization; cCrude 1H NMR yield (%) using 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane as internal standard; dIsolated yield; e1 mol% catalyst loading, irradiation with LEDs light (λmax = 450 nm); fReactions performed in dark; gReactions performed in open air; hReactions performed at 60 °C.