Table 2.

Summarizes the key points on infant and child mortality in Afghanistan.

Issues	Details
High Under‐Five Mortality Rate	Staggering 70.4 per 1000 live births, influenced by environmental factors, maternal health, and nutritional deficiencies.
Healthcare System Challenges	MoPH's execution of BPHS for primary healthcare. Inconsistent local health system coverage, difficult access for women to high‐quality healthcare. Limited education amongst guardians/parents towards child birth and health. Many misconceptions towards health‐care.
Significance of Breastfeeding	Breastfeeding as a crucial determinant impacting mortality, with over 50% mothers globally not following exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months.
Birth Defects and Home Births	60% of births without skilled health professionals. Sociocultural norms and governmental restrictions compound risks associated with infant mortality.
Topographical Challenges	Difficult terrain and social norms leading to healthcare personnel shortage and poor healthcare access.
Humanitarian Crisis	Economic challenges and conflicts leading to deteriorated healthcare services and educational institutions. Children facing violence, assault, and exploitation.
COVID‐19 Pandemic Impact	Limited hospitals, staff shortages, and constrained aid worsening healthcare challenges. Healthcare workers facing violence and mental health issues.