Table 5.

A simple mediation model of Clinical diseases severity (UPDRS total score [X]) on the Risk of falling (Tinetti balance and gait score [Y]) through APA Duration (APA2a (s) [M]) effort.

	Path coefficient	Standard error	p-value
Total effects (total relationship, path c)Ω
The relationship between the UPDRS total score and Tinetti balance and gait score	−0.279	0.024	<0.0001
Direct effects, path c′
The relationship between the UPDRS total score and Tinetti balance and gait score by including the APA2a (s) into the model	−0.233	0.028	<0.0001
Indirect effect, path a
The effect of the UPDRS total score on the APA2a (s)	0.005	0.001	<0.0001
Indirect effect, path b
The effect of the APA2a (s) on the Tinetti balance and gait score	−19.76	3.428	<0.0001

X = UPDRS total score (independent variable); Y = Tinetti balance and gait score (dependent variable); M = APA2a value (mediator). Ω = The mediation effects a × b which is defined as the reduction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (Tinetti balance and gait score-UPDRS total score) (total relationship, path c) by including the mediator into the model (direct path, path c′) (Sobel test, p = 0.047).