Table 3.

In vivo/In vitro metabolic studies on HTST effect.*

	References	HTST treatment parameters	Device	Studied milk components/properties	Impact of treatment (compared to raw milk)	Comparison HTST – HoP
In vitro	Nebbia et al. (32)	Fixed time/temperature: 72°C for 15 s Pasteurized volume total: 100 mL Donors n = 5	Patented prototype (EP 15176792.8–1,358)	Macronutrient composition, protein profiling, confocal microscopy, dynamic light scattering and aminoacid composition of human milk following in vitro simulated dynamic digestion with preterm infant model.	Formation of protein aggregates mainly composed by lactoferrin, xanthine dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthase; 75% retention of native lactoferrin content. Formation of smaller particles during gastric digestion; increased rate of digestion for some protein fractions. Similar lipid composition, and release of free NH2 during digestion.	HoP increased the interaction between proteins and fat globules, decreased the retention of native lactoferrin (33%), and showed a lower abundance of native BSSL than in HTST (−66% vs. −39%). Digestion patterns were similar for proteins (a slightly higher retention of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin, and a higher intestinal release of total and essential free amino acids was seen after HTST).
	Giribaldi et al. (33)	Fixed time/temperature: 72°C for 15 s pasteurized volume total: 100 mL Donors n = 5	Patented prototype (EP 15176792.8–1,358)	Peptidomic analysis of in vitro simulated dynamic digestion with preterm infant model.	A slightly more similar pattern in peptide release during gastric digestion was found between HTST and raw human milk, in particular with peptide release from beta casein digestion.	During gastric digestion, HOP-HM presented a greater number and more abundant specific peptides from beta casein.
	Hu et al. (22)	Fixed time/temperature: 72°C for 15 s. pasteurized volume total: 10 mL Donors n = 30	Laboratory scale pasteuriser	Blood plasma clotting time	Significantly increased >10 fold	HoP significantly increase more than HTST plasma clotting time (>20 fold)

*p-value are indicated only when significant and/or reported in the original article; NS, not significantly different.