Table 3.
Food consumption according to 8-wk energy-restricted intervention groups.
| Daily Nutrient Intake | Control (n = 17) | Cashew nut (n = 20) | Cashew nut oil (n = 23) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Δ | p-value | Baseline | Δ | p-value | Baseline | Δ | p-value | |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1667.7 ± 560.3 | −301.3 ± 692.8 | 0.114 | 1663.3 ± 592.6 | −32.5 ± 685.4 | 0.838 | 1670.9 ± 671.8 | −284.6 ± 660.6 | 0.051 |
| Protein (% EI) | 20.1 ± 6.9 | −1.2 ± 5.9 | 0.455 | 20.60 ± 6.3 | 0.7 ± 6.4 | 0.640 | 17.7 ± 6.7 | 1.8 ± 8.2 | 0.312 |
| Carbohydrate (% EI) | 44.2 ± 10.5 | 6.4 ± 13.1 | 0.078 | 46.1 ± 10.3 | −0.3 ± 13.5 | 0.920 | 47.2 ± 8.6 | −2.4 ± 12.5 | 0.378 |
| Lipids (% EI) | 35.8 ± 8.8 | −4.1 ± 11.4 | 0.186 | 34.1 ± 8.2 | −0.2 ± 13.2 | 0.957 | 35.7 ± 8.8 | 1.4 ± 11.7 | 0.572 |
| SFA (g) | 13.4 ± 4.8 | −2.5 ± 4.2 | 0.037 | 12.4 ± 3.00 | 0.1 ± 6.1 | 0.959 | 11.9 ± 3.5 | −0.3 ± 5.6 | 0.819 |
| MUFA (g) | 12.3 ± 3.7 | −0.9 ± 5.8 | 0.540 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | 1.6 ± 5.8 | 0.249 | 12.7 ± 4.4 | 1.3 ± 6.2 | 0.332 |
| PUFA (g) | 5.6 ± 1.3 | −0.1 ± 2.9 | 0.892 | 6.7 ± 3.1 | −2.0 ± 3.4 | 0.019 | 6.2 ± 3.00 | −0.2 ± 3.8 | 0.799 |
| LA (C18:2n6) (g) | 9.2 ± 4.2 | −1.9 ± 6.3 | 0.240 | 10.3 ± 6.7 | −2.7 ± 6.7 | 0.100 | 10.1 ± 6.5 | −1.7 ± 8.8 | 0.374 |
| ALA (C18:3n3) (g) | 0.6 ± 0.9 | −0.1 ± 1.1 | 0.696 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | −0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.037 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | −0.3 ± 1.2 | 0.324 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 387.8 ± 276.5 | −137.3 ± 262.7 | 0.062 | 341.2 ± 293.8 | −31.3 ± 296.4 | 0.651 | 328.6 ± 226.5 | 9.7 ± 304.5 | 0.880 |
| Fiber (g) | 17.6 ± 11.1 | 1.8 ± 10.9 | 0.522 | 17.3 ± 7.2 | 0.9 ± 8.4 | 0.644 | 15.6 ± 7.7 | 0.4 ± 6.7 | 0.786 |
∆ = endpoint − baseline assessment. Values are mean ± SD (standard deviation). p-value = intra-group comparison (paired t-test). According to one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis followed by post hoc tests there was no statistical difference between groups. EI, energy intake; SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid. LA (C18:2n6): linoleic acid. ALA (C18:3n3): α-linolenic acid.