TABLE 2.
Characteristics of inflammation markers regarding etiology of stroke according to the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification.
| Characteristic | Etiology | P‐value a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 364) | Large artery atherosclerosis (n = 86) | Cardioembolic (n = 88) | Small vessel occlusion (n = 73) | Cryptogenic /other (n = 117) | ||
| CTACK | 364 | 16.431 (15.96; 16.922) | 16.578 (16.009; 17.01) | 16.293 (15.896; 16.72) | 16.343 (15.852; 16.983) | 0.279 |
| Eotaxin | 359 | 6.788 (6.152; 7.213) | 6.773 (6.387; 7.221) | 6.807 (6.457; 7.245) | 6.777 (6.24; 7.183) | 0.762 |
| FGF_basic | 364 | 24.675 (24.246; 25.319) | 24.63 (23.891; 25.242) | 24.675 (23.888; 25.07) | 24.675 (23.987; 25.075) | 0.536 |
| G_CSF | 363 | 13.927 (13.415; 14.552) | 13.927 (13.428; 14.45) | 13.864 (13.372; 14.419) | 13.79 (13.332; 14.373) | 0.708 |
| GM_CSF | 360 | 2.094 (1.717; 2.534) | 2.226 (1.339; 2.806) | 1.99 (1.406; 2.438) | 2.226 (1.726; 2.768) | 0.151 |
| GROA | 364 | 12.187 (11.732; 12.541) | 12.135 (11.697; 12.424) | 12.195 (11.577; 12.501) | 12.152 (11.627; 12.565) | 0.799 |
| HGF | 364 | 15.543 (15.041; 16.112) | 15.615 (14.994; 16.313) | 15.213 (14.917; 15.742) | 15.52 (14.968; 15.924) | 0.088 |
| ICAM_1 | 359 | 21.81 (21.56; 22.192) | 21.7 (21.294; 22.006) | 21.746 (21.481; 22.121) | 21.615 (21.243; 22.078) | 0.121 |
| IFN_g | 363 | 7.391 (7.126; 7.825) | 7.234 (6.749; 7.57) | 7.35 (6.997; 7.911) | 7.253 (6.918; 7.875) | 0.298 |
| IFNa | 364 | 8.612 (8.194; 8.931) | 8.56 (8.192; 8.908) | 8.493 (8.092; 8.896) | 8.56 (8.2; 8.875) | 0.803 |
| IL_13 | 364 | 1.68 (1.286; 2.078) | 1.68 (1.347; 2.064) | 1.68 (1.376; 2.14) | 1.68 (1.183; 2.099) | 0.796 |
| IL_16 | 354 | 7.437 (6.978; 7.943) | 7.373 (6.996; 8.038) | 7.172 (6.769; 7.615) | 7.411 (6.812; 7.879) | 0.041 |
| IL_18 | 364 | 9.13 (8.641; 9.902) | 9.275 (8.718; 9.802) | 9.392 (8.934; 10.033) | 9.138 (8.658; 9.719) | 0.277 |
| IL_1b | 363 | 4.876 (4.459; 5.262) | 4.876 (4.459; 5.259) | 4.876 (4.459; 5.309) | 4.876 (4.531; 5.537) | 0.797 |
| IL_1ra | 363 | 12.678 (12.213; 13.154) | 12.614 (12.303; 12.969) | 12.566 (12.112; 13.071) | 12.537 (12.157; 12.984) | 0.766 |
| IL_2ra | 364 | 13.695 (13.299; 14.178) | 13.592 (13.095; 14.073) | 13.452 (13.119; 13.786) | 13.504 (13.032; 13.886) | 0.093 |
| IL_4 | 364 | 4.794 (4.347; 5.16) | 4.723 (4.364; 5.232) | 4.72 (4.275; 5.223) | 4.794 (4.432; 5.192) | 0.887 |
| IL_6 | 359 | 1.824 (1.444; 2.189) | 1.636 (1.15; 2.271) | 1.38 (0.87; 1.635) | 1.444 (0.957; 1.819) | 0.001 |
| IL_7 | 361 | 6.376 (6.03; 6.873) | 6.376 (6.042; 6.782) | 6.376 (6.125; 6.778) | 6.376 (5.703; 6.786) | 0.623 |
| IL_8 | 361 | 4.327 (3.991; 4.96) | 4.375 (3.957; 4.8) | 4.179 (3.846; 4.657) | 4.171 (3.878; 4.57) | 0.08 |
| IL_9 | 364 | 18.86 (18.403; 19.184) | 18.814 (18.255; 19.258) | 19.064 (18.582; 19.373) | 18.883 (18.382; 19.431) | 0.319 |
| IP_10 | 359 | 9.126 (8.894; 9.683) | 9.34 (9.062; 9.86) | 9.424 (8.975; 9.995) | 9.223 (8.855; 9.568) | 0.045 |
| lif | 364 | 11.27 (10.898; 11.806) | 11.198 (10.781; 11.711) | 11.27 (10.932; 11.723) | 11.27 (10.895; 11.674) | 0.730 |
| MCP_1_MCAF | 361 | 7.22 (6.589; 7.746) | 7.23 (6.736; 7.818) | 7.324 (6.68; 8.142) | 7.372 (6.921; 7.906) | 0.446 |
| MCSF | 364 | 6.77 (6.378; 7.26) | 6.816 (5.999; 7.322) | 6.838 (6.402; 7.282) | 6.632 (6.152; 7.096) | 0.314 |
| MIF | 364 | 16.532 (15.976; 17.091) | 16.409 (15.832; 17.068) | 16.259 (15.604; 16.636) | 16.487 (15.849; 17.163) | 0.025 |
| MIG | 360 | 6.955 (6.491; 7.494) | 6.931 (6.523; 7.517) | 6.904 (6.55; 7.574) | 6.713 (6.186; 7.125) | 0.016 |
| MIP_1a | 364 | 2.751 (2.098; 3.375) | 2.411 (1.858; 3.072) | 2.528 (2.045; 3.007) | 2.478 (1.869; 3.11) | 0.308 |
| MIP_1b | 363 | 19.025 (18.493; 19.493) | 18.802 (18.384; 19.54) | 19.105 (18.52; 19.744) | 19.026 (18.47; 19.648) | 0.405 |
| PDGF_BB | 360 | 17.333 (16.982; 17.823) | 17.196 (16.739; 17.744) | 17.236 (16.878; 17.7) | 17.344 (16.955; 17.892) | 0.133 |
| RANTES | 363 | 20.09 (19.762; 20.378) | 20.26 (19.817; 20.5) | 20.203 (19.922; 20.478) | 20.261 (19.92; 20.73) | 0.15 |
| SCF | 364 | 14.674 (14.201; 15.171) | 14.715 (14.34; 15.272) | 14.466 (14.095; 14.928) | 14.578 (14.029; 15.099) | 0.12 |
| SCGFB | 364 | 36.211 (35.709; 36.68) | 36.258 (35.683; 36.626) | 36.226 (35.784; 36.774) | 36.264 (35.657; 36.763) | 0.98 |
| SDF‐1a | 363 | 18.643 (18.309; 18.951) | 18.931 (18.684; 19.318) | 18.66 (18.128; 18.927) | 18.795 (18.385; 19.175) | 0.001 |
| TNF_a | 362 | 19.184 (18.627; 19.731) | 19.336 (18.711; 19.821) | 19.138 (18.651; 19.578) | 19.104 (18.609; 19.626) | 0.499 |
| TNFb | 364 | 20.21 (19.794; 20.636) | 20.29 (19.68; 20.69) | 20.329 (19.979; 20.795) | 20.335 (19.771; 20.742) | 0.601 |
| TRAIL | 363 | 11.316 (10.617; 11.714) | 11.316 (10.615; 11.759) | 11.419 (10.948; 11.932) | 11.316 (10.723; 11.732) | 0.556 |
| VCAM_1 | 313 | 22.732 (22.394; 23.203) | 22.864 (22.495; 23.365) | 22.82 (22.521; 23.121) | 22.789 (22.361; 23.328) | 0.703 |
| VEGF | 340 | 5.307 (4.887; 5.615) | 5.374 (5.088; 5.663) | 5.288 (4.765; 5.487) | 5.352 (4.868; 5.733) | 0.333 |
Note: Data presented as median (interquartile range).
Bold type denotes statistical significance.
a
Tested with the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test. Meanings of the cytokine abbreviations are listed in Table S1.