Table 1.
Physicochemical characteristics of RBCs, M101, and PFC used during EVKP.
| RBC (32–34) |
M101 (35, 36) |
PFC (23, 37, 38) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Composition | natural Hb (porcine); cell membrane | natural Hb (Arenicola marina); biopolymer | Albumin-derived perfluorodecalin-filled nanocapsules |
| Size | 7,000 nm | 15 × 25 nm | 500–1,000 nm (in STEEN Solution) |
| Temperature range (for EVKP) | 21–37°C | 4–37°C | 4–37°C |
| pH range | 6.3–7.8 | 5.5–7.8 | 7.0–7.5 |
| Oxygen-binding sites | 4 | 156 | no covalent binding |
| Pharmacokinetics | MW = 64 kDa T ½ = ∼ 28 days p50 = 28.90 ± 1.54 mmHg |
MW = 3,600 kDa T ½ = 50 h p50 = 7.05 ± 0.93 mmHg |
T ½ = ∼ 6 h no saturation of O2 |
| Concentration of OC in the experiments | [Hb] = 45.75 ± 1.75 g/L | [Hb] = 0.99 ± 0.03 g/L | 4 vol.% PFC |
| Colloid osmotic pressure | 25 mmHg* | 25 mmHg* | 25 mmHg* |
| Oxygen-carrying capacity (at pO2 500 mmHg) |
62.22 ml O2/L solution | 52.24 ml O2/L solution | 11.00 ml O2/L emulsion |
Hb, hemoglobin; MW, molecular weight; [Hb], concentration of hemoglobin or its equivalent; T ½, half-life in-vivo; p50, partial pressure of oxygen necessary to saturate half of the oxygen-binding sites.
*
Colloid osmotic pressure is regulated by STEEN Solution containing albumin, which is used as the basis perfusion medium in all experimental groups and simulates physiologic conditions for the kidney.