Table 4. Clinical outcomes, complications, failures, and secondary surgical procedures.
n: number; mo: months; FAOS: Foot and Ankle Outcome Score; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; EMCA: extracellular matrix cartilage allograft; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; cBMA: concentrated bone marrow aspirate; MOCART: magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue
| Author | Patients (n) | Ankles (n) | Patient-reported outcome measurement | Postoperative MRI | Complications (n) | Failures (n) | Secondary procedures | |||
| - | Preoperative | Postoperative | ||||||||
| BMS augmented with EMCA | ||||||||||
| Shimozono et al. 2021 [10] | 24 | 24 | FAOS | 47.8 | 69.9 | MOCART: 76.3 | Hypertrophy of the allograft cartilage=1 | 2 | AOT=2 | |
| Ahmad et al. 2017 [12] | 30 | 30 | VAS | 8.1 | 1.7 | - | Persistence of a nonuniform chondral surface and subchondral edema at the location of the particulate cartilage placement=2. Ankle arthritic changes=1. DVT=1 | 1 | AOT=1 | |
| Allahabadi et al. 2021 (EMCA+cBMA) [11] | 14 | 14 | VAS | 5 | 4.2 | - | 0 | 0 | ||
| Allahabadi et al. 2021 (EMCA+PRP) [11] | 6 | 6 | VAS | 6.5 | 6.3 | - | Postoperative paresthesia=2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Arthroscopic debridement augmented with EMCA | ||||||||||
| Drakos et al. 2021 [9] | 62 | 62 | FAOS | 50.68 | 69.3 | MOCART: 73 | 0 | 3 | "Revision procedure"=3 | |
| AOT augmented with EMCA | ||||||||||
| Mercer et al. 2021 [7] | 26 | 26 | FAOS | 50.3 | 77.8 | MOCART: 78.9 | Knee donor site pain=2 (%). Painful hardware=3. Anterior ankle impingement=3 | 0 | Anterior ankle impingement debridement=3. Hardware removal=3 | |