TABLE 4.

Top seven neurological disease groups, prioritization of subtypes of diseases, and research‐identified common NDs, according to the panel cochairs and board members.

Disease group	Top 3 NDs	Top 3 research gaps	Detailed input given by the EAN board
Neuroinfections	Severe CNS infections, pathogen‐specific and adjunctive NICU therapies Emerging and imported CNS infections Fungal meningitis	Understand role of virus in autoimmune pathophysiology Specific viral role in triggering autoimmunity Detection methodology of viruses	Emerging neuroinfections (Zika, West Nile, COVID variants) Neurological complications of COVID‐19, HIV/AIDS Lyme disease, tuberculosis, parasitoses
Neuroimmunological diseases	Neurological complications of COVID‐19 Long COVID‐19 and neurological complications of COVID‐19 vaccines Progressive neuroimmunology disorders	Mechanisms of progressive neuroimmunology disorders Predictors of treatment response Interdisciplinary and translational research
MS	Highly active relapsing MS Disorders related to MS Radiologically isolated syndrome	Mechanism of progressive MS Predictors of treatment outcome Interdisciplinary and translational research	Genetic and environmental factors Early detection and predictive follow‐up with biomarkers/imaging techniques Immunotherapies and cell therapies Quality‐of‐life and comorbidities (anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, etc.)
Headache/pain	Mechanisms of cluster headache Mechanisms of tension type headache Mechanisms of migraine	New treatment options for cluster headache Treatment for medically refractory cluster headache Predictors of treatment outcome	Improved methods for measuring pain and assessing outcome Improved pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments including novel drug targets, delivery methods, neuromodulation, and behavioural therapies
AD and dementias	Prodromal phase of AD Mild cognitive impairment Mechanisms of AD	Novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases Biomarkers of neurodegeneration Novel treatment paradigms for AD	Earlier detection and predictive follow‐up measures Novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments including new drug targets and neuromodulation Quality‐of‐life and comorbidities
Stroke	Relationship of stroke and epilepsy Posterior circulation stroke Pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke	Pathophysiological mechanism of stroke Cerebroprotection, recovery neuroplasticity after stroke Early prediction of individual functional outcome	Improving stroke prevention Novel treatments and surgical interventions Improved rehabilitation and assistive techniques
Movement disorders	Neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease Prodromal Parkinson disease Dystonia	Role of environmental factors (microbiome, toxic) in Parkinson disease Biomarkers for movement disorders Interdisciplinary and translational research	Improved biochemical and imaging biomarkers Improved pharmacological therapies, surgical and gene therapies
Epilepsy	Drug‐resistant epilepsy Seizures/epilepsy in critical care Autoimmune epilepsies	Predictors of treatment response Genetic epilepsies Novel treatment strategies for drug‐resistant epilepsies	Improved early seizure detection/prediction and wearables Improved drug targets, surgical techniques, and neuromodulation therapies
SWDs	Neurobiology of SWDs in neurological patients Tele‐sleep medicine Precision sleep medicine	Health, costs, and psychosocial burden of SWDs in neurological patients SWDs as risk factors or first/main manifestation of NDs Sleep and SWDs as targets to modulate course/outcome of NDs Sleep and brain health	Sleep disorders as risk factors and modulators of dementia/neurodegenerative disorders, stroke epilepsy, movement disorders, and other NDs Validation of new portable ambulator sleep–wake monitoring systems New biomarkers (and targeted treatment) of SWDs
Rare NDs	Rare neuroinflammatory/neuroimmunology disorders Rare movement disorders Motor neuron diseases Rare forms of dementia Rare primary and secondary headaches Rare vascular disorders Rare developmental disorders with epilepsy as a major sign Rare muscle disorders Rare neuropathies
Overarching research priorities, not specifically associated with disease groups	Systematic use of big datasets, pan‐European collaboration for trials Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence Further development of telemedicine Establishing an updated role for general neurology (“comprehensive neurology”) Addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion issues as in relation to workforce and work environment of neurologists as well as treatment and diagnosis of NDs Exploring the influence of environmental and climate factors in patients and neurology practice Formalizing the role of the clinician scientist in neurology Researching preventive and other determinants of brain health

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CNS, central nervous system; EAN, European Academy of Neurology; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MS, multiple sclerosis; ND, neurological disorders; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; SWD, sleep–wake disorder.