Skip to main content
. 2024 Feb 2;31(4):e16186. doi: 10.1111/ene.16186

TABLE 3.

Neuropsychological test results at baseline and follow‐up of study participants (mean and standard deviation), their respective normative values and the p value of the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Baseline mean (SD) n = 13 Normative value mean (SD) Follow‐up mean (SD) n = 11 Normative value mean (SD) Wilcoxon signed rank test p value
WAIS Digit Span 10.1 (2.6) 10 (3) 10.8 (3.4) 10 (3) 0.511
WAIS Digit Symbol Coding Test 9.6 (3.9) 10 (3) 10.9 (4.06) 10 (3) 0.047
WAIS Arithmetics 8.0 (3.2) 10 (3) 8.7 (2.7) 10 (3) 0.393
TMT alternating 9.2 (3.9) 10 (3) 7.0 (5.1) 10 (3) 0.112
SCWT interference 36.2 (22.2) 31 b 35.8 (19.3) 34 b 0.624
AVLT sum of 5 trials 59.2 (9.8) 59.1 (7.5) 56.3 (13.9) 55.3 (8.5) 0.507
AVLT delayed recall 12.6 (2.7) 12.0 (2.1) 12.7 (2.8) 11.3 (2.7) 0.750
AVLT correct identifiers 14.5 (0.5) 40–50 b 14.9 (0.3) 30–40 b 0.046
AVLT false positives 0.3 (0.9) 20–30 b 0.6 (1.5) 30–40 b 0.180
CFT immediate recall 25.4 (4.2) 24.5 (6.3) 28.7 (5.6) 26.5 (4.7) 0.028 c
CFT delayed recall 25.8 (4.8) 24.2 (5.9) 29.3 (5.3) 25.4 (5.5) 0.007 c
WAIS Picture Completion Test 9.4 (4.2) 10 (3) 11.4 (2.2) 10 (3) 0.150
WAIS Block Design Test 9.3 (2.2) 10 (3) 10.2 (1.5) 10 (3) 0.120
JOLOT 26.5 (2.7) 21 a 26.2 (2.09) 21 a 0.787
Bells Test – Center of Cancelation 0.03 (0.1) 0.08 a 0.0 (0.03) 0.08 a 0.889
WAIS Similarities 10.1 (2.4) 10 (3) 10.0 (2.8) 10 (3) 0.719
BNT 55.0 (3.4) 50 a 56.0 (4.6) 50 a 0.159
COWA Animals 25.1 (4.4) 28.6 (5.4) 26.5 (8.6) 28.6 (5.4) 0.504
COWA Professions 16.5 (4.2) 19.1 (5.4) 18.0 (5.4) 19.1 (5.4) 0.036
COWA – N 9.0 (3.6) 14.0 (4.5) 11.1 (3.5) 14.0 (4.5) 0.036
COWA – A 8.3 (3.9) 14.3 (5.2) 11.4 (5.6) 14.3 (5.2) 0.010
COWA – K 11.8 (3.7) 18.6 (5.7) 13.3 (4.9) 18.6 (5.7) 0.168
PPT – preferred hand 14.8 (2.3) 15.9 (1.5) 15.0 (2.9) 15.9 (1.5) 0.624
PPT – non‐preferred hand 14.3 (1.9) 15.2 (1.5) 13.8 (2.8) 15.2 (1.5) 0.284
PPT – both hands 11.7 (2.2) 13.1 (1.6) 11.6 (2.2) 13.1 (1.6) 0.406
SCL‐90‐R – Anxiety 16.7 (4.5) 14 a 13.2 (1.8) 14 a 0.043
SCL‐90‐R – Agoraphobia 7.5 (0.5) 7 a 7.9 (1.5) 7 a 0.317
SCL‐90‐R – Depression 25.8 (7.5) 22 a 23.2 (6.2) 22 a 0.202
SCL‐90‐R – Somatization 20.5 (5.3) 18 a 19.8 (5.5) 18 a 0.645
SCL‐90‐R – Insufficiency of thoughts and behavior 18.5 (4.0) 15 a 16.0 (3.7) 15 a 0.086
SCL‐90‐R – Distrust 26.8 (5.2) 27 a 24.5 (6.4) 27 a 0.265
SCL‐90‐R – Hostility 7.9 (1.8) 7 a 7.6 (1.8) 7 a 0.248
SCL‐90‐R – Sleeping problems 8.3 (4.0) 5 a 6.5 (2.9) 5 a 0.153
SCL‐90‐R – Psychoneuroticism 145.5 (20.2) 130 a 130.5 (20.6) 130 a 0.037

Note: Significant p‐values (all improved) are in bold.

Abbreviations: AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT, Boston Naming Test; CFT, Complex Figure Rey; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association test; JOLOT, Judgment of Line Orientation Test; PPT, Purdue Pegboard Test; SCL‐90‐R, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised; SCWT, Stroop Color Word Test; TMT, Trail Making Test; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

a

Cut‐off values.

b

Percentile scores.

c

Because the recall of the Rey Figure is harder than the recall of the Taylor Figure, the comparison between baseline and follow‐up testing was recalculated by means of z‐scores. This is reported in the section of the group results.