TABLE 3.
Baseline mean (SD) n = 13 | Normative value mean (SD) | Follow‐up mean (SD) n = 11 | Normative value mean (SD) | Wilcoxon signed rank test p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WAIS Digit Span | 10.1 (2.6) | 10 (3) | 10.8 (3.4) | 10 (3) | 0.511 |
WAIS Digit Symbol Coding Test | 9.6 (3.9) | 10 (3) | 10.9 (4.06) | 10 (3) | 0.047 |
WAIS Arithmetics | 8.0 (3.2) | 10 (3) | 8.7 (2.7) | 10 (3) | 0.393 |
TMT alternating | 9.2 (3.9) | 10 (3) | 7.0 (5.1) | 10 (3) | 0.112 |
SCWT interference | 36.2 (22.2) | 31 b | 35.8 (19.3) | 34 b | 0.624 |
AVLT sum of 5 trials | 59.2 (9.8) | 59.1 (7.5) | 56.3 (13.9) | 55.3 (8.5) | 0.507 |
AVLT delayed recall | 12.6 (2.7) | 12.0 (2.1) | 12.7 (2.8) | 11.3 (2.7) | 0.750 |
AVLT correct identifiers | 14.5 (0.5) | 40–50 b | 14.9 (0.3) | 30–40 b | 0.046 |
AVLT false positives | 0.3 (0.9) | 20–30 b | 0.6 (1.5) | 30–40 b | 0.180 |
CFT immediate recall | 25.4 (4.2) | 24.5 (6.3) | 28.7 (5.6) | 26.5 (4.7) | 0.028 c |
CFT delayed recall | 25.8 (4.8) | 24.2 (5.9) | 29.3 (5.3) | 25.4 (5.5) | 0.007 c |
WAIS Picture Completion Test | 9.4 (4.2) | 10 (3) | 11.4 (2.2) | 10 (3) | 0.150 |
WAIS Block Design Test | 9.3 (2.2) | 10 (3) | 10.2 (1.5) | 10 (3) | 0.120 |
JOLOT | 26.5 (2.7) | 21 a | 26.2 (2.09) | 21 a | 0.787 |
Bells Test – Center of Cancelation | 0.03 (0.1) | 0.08 a | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.08 a | 0.889 |
WAIS Similarities | 10.1 (2.4) | 10 (3) | 10.0 (2.8) | 10 (3) | 0.719 |
BNT | 55.0 (3.4) | 50 a | 56.0 (4.6) | 50 a | 0.159 |
COWA Animals | 25.1 (4.4) | 28.6 (5.4) | 26.5 (8.6) | 28.6 (5.4) | 0.504 |
COWA Professions | 16.5 (4.2) | 19.1 (5.4) | 18.0 (5.4) | 19.1 (5.4) | 0.036 |
COWA – N | 9.0 (3.6) | 14.0 (4.5) | 11.1 (3.5) | 14.0 (4.5) | 0.036 |
COWA – A | 8.3 (3.9) | 14.3 (5.2) | 11.4 (5.6) | 14.3 (5.2) | 0.010 |
COWA – K | 11.8 (3.7) | 18.6 (5.7) | 13.3 (4.9) | 18.6 (5.7) | 0.168 |
PPT – preferred hand | 14.8 (2.3) | 15.9 (1.5) | 15.0 (2.9) | 15.9 (1.5) | 0.624 |
PPT – non‐preferred hand | 14.3 (1.9) | 15.2 (1.5) | 13.8 (2.8) | 15.2 (1.5) | 0.284 |
PPT – both hands | 11.7 (2.2) | 13.1 (1.6) | 11.6 (2.2) | 13.1 (1.6) | 0.406 |
SCL‐90‐R – Anxiety | 16.7 (4.5) | 14 a | 13.2 (1.8) | 14 a | 0.043 |
SCL‐90‐R – Agoraphobia | 7.5 (0.5) | 7 a | 7.9 (1.5) | 7 a | 0.317 |
SCL‐90‐R – Depression | 25.8 (7.5) | 22 a | 23.2 (6.2) | 22 a | 0.202 |
SCL‐90‐R – Somatization | 20.5 (5.3) | 18 a | 19.8 (5.5) | 18 a | 0.645 |
SCL‐90‐R – Insufficiency of thoughts and behavior | 18.5 (4.0) | 15 a | 16.0 (3.7) | 15 a | 0.086 |
SCL‐90‐R – Distrust | 26.8 (5.2) | 27 a | 24.5 (6.4) | 27 a | 0.265 |
SCL‐90‐R – Hostility | 7.9 (1.8) | 7 a | 7.6 (1.8) | 7 a | 0.248 |
SCL‐90‐R – Sleeping problems | 8.3 (4.0) | 5 a | 6.5 (2.9) | 5 a | 0.153 |
SCL‐90‐R – Psychoneuroticism | 145.5 (20.2) | 130 a | 130.5 (20.6) | 130 a | 0.037 |
Note: Significant p‐values (all improved) are in bold.
Abbreviations: AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT, Boston Naming Test; CFT, Complex Figure Rey; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association test; JOLOT, Judgment of Line Orientation Test; PPT, Purdue Pegboard Test; SCL‐90‐R, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised; SCWT, Stroop Color Word Test; TMT, Trail Making Test; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Cut‐off values.
Percentile scores.
Because the recall of the Rey Figure is harder than the recall of the Taylor Figure, the comparison between baseline and follow‐up testing was recalculated by means of z‐scores. This is reported in the section of the group results.