FIGURE 4.

(A) (I) Schematic of the preparation of double‐cross‐linked silk fibroin hydrogels; (II) photographs of prepared hydrogels; and (III) representative micro‐CT images of the rat skull. ¹¹⁰ (Reproduced with permission: Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons). (B) (I–IV) 3D reconstruction images of augmented sinus at 12 weeks postoperatively, which were treated by pure silk hydrogel (I), silk hydrogel loaded with VEGF (II), silk hydrogel loaded with BMP‐2 (III), and silk hydrogel loaded with = VEGF and BMP‐2 (V), respectively; (V, VI) Statistics of the bone formation (V) and new vessel area (VI). ¹¹¹ (Reproduced with permission: Copyright 2011, Elsevier). BMP‐2, bone morphogenetic protein‐2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.