Fig 2. Cell segmentation with DBSCAN.

(a) DBSCAN Workflow: Core Points, Reachability, and Noise. In the DBSCAN workflow with minPts = 4, core points (including Point A) are identified by the condition that the area surrounding them within an ε radius contains at least 4 points. These core points form a single cluster as they are mutually reachable. Points B and C, although not core points, are reachable from Point A through other core points, thus belonging to the same cluster. Point N is classified as a noise point since it is neither a core point nor directly reachable from any core points. (b) Illustration of clustering effect using DBSCAN.