Gai 2004.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial undertaken in 3 centres in China.
Participants	180 primiparas healthy women at term with singleton who underwent CS.
Interventions	Intervention group (N = 91) ‐ 1 g (10 mL) of TA diluted in 20 mL 5% glucose given IV slow infusion over 5 minutes 10 minutes before incision. Control (N = 89) ‐ received routine care.
Outcomes	Blood loss from placental delivery until 2 hours postpartum, incidence of PPH (blood loss > 400 mL), vital signs, uterine contractility, placental separation, neonatal manifestations, side effects.
Notes	No placebo was used. Women in both control and study groups received 10 units of oxytocin IV and 20 units of oxytocin into the intrauterine wall. The same surgical team performed CS in each hospital.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomised consecutive numbered chart.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Control group did not receive any intervention, therefore, allocation was not concealed.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open label.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No intervention was administered to control group, therefore, blinding was not possible.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The data seem complete.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No prior public registration of protocol.
Other bias	High risk	PPH > 400 mL and not conventional > 500 mL. No placebo used. No sample size calculation.