TABLE 9.
Selected supporting measures (a full list is available in EFSA PLH Panel, 2018) in relation to currently unregulated hosts and pathways. Supporting measures are organisational measures or procedures supporting the choice of appropriate risk reduction options that do not directly affect pest abundance.
| Supporting measure | Summary | Risk element targeted (entry/establishment/spread/impact) |
|---|---|---|
| Inspection and trapping |
Inspection is defined as the official visual examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles to determine if pests are present or to determine compliance with phytosanitary regulations (ISPM 5; FAO, 2023) For Ceroplastes spp., female scales, nymphs, honeydew, sooty mould and ants can be detected during visual inspections Honeydew drippings from plants can be efficiently monitored using water‐sensitive paper, which is commonly used for monitoring insecticide droplets and calibrating (Kabashima & Drelstadt, 2014) |
Entry/Spread/Establishment |
| Laboratory testing |
Required to confirm diagnosis and identification of the pest Examination, other than visual, to determine if pests are present using official diagnostic protocols. Diagnostic protocols describe the minimum requirements for reliable diagnosis of regulated pests |
Entry/Spread |
| Sampling |
According to ISPM 31, it is usually not feasible to inspect entire consignments, so phytosanitary inspection is performed mainly on samples obtained from a consignment. It is noted that the sampling concepts presented in this standard may also apply to other phytosanitary procedures, notably selection of units for testing For inspection, testing and/or surveillance purposes the sample may be taken according to a statistically based or a non‐statistical based sampling methodology |
Entry/Spread |
| Phytosanitary certificate and plant passport |
Required to attest that a consignment meets phytosanitary import requirements a) phytosanitary certificate (imports) b) plant passport (EU internal trade) |
Entry/Spread |
| Certified and approved premises | Certification of premises to ensure the phytosanitary compliance of consignments; for example, to enable traceability and provide access to information that can help prove the compliance of consignments with phytosanitary requirements of importing countries | Entry/Spread |
| Delimitation of Buffer zones | ISPM 5 defines a buffer zone as ‘an area surrounding or adjacent to an area officially delimited for phytosanitary purposes in order to minimise the probability of spread of the target pest into or out of the delimited area, and subject to phytosanitary or other control measures, if appropriate’ (ISPM 5). The objectives for delimiting a buffer zone can be to prevent spread from the outbreak area and to maintain a pest‐free production place (PFPP), site (PFPS) or area (PFA) | Spread |
| Surveillance | Surveillance for early detection of outbreaks | Entry/Establishment/Spread |