Table 1.
Sample demographics and clinical characteristics.
| Post-hospitalization group (n = 23) | Non-hospitalized group (n = 83) | Effect sizes (Cramér’s V/Cohen’s d) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | M = 55.26 (SD = 12.77) | M = 45.30 (SD = 12.75) | 0.78** |
| Sex: Female | 11 (48%) | 63 (76%) | 0.25** |
| Racial identity | |||
| White | 16 (70%) | 65 (78%) | 0.06 |
| Black | 3 (13%) | 8 (10%) | 0.01 |
| Asian | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.00 |
| Other | 3 (13%) | 9 (11%) | 0.00 |
| Years of education | M = 15.65 (SD = 2.01) | M = 16.08 (SD = 2.43) | 0.19 |
| Intubated during Hospitalization | 5 (22%) | – | – |
| Subjective cognitive impairment (T-scores) | M = 33.57 (SD = 6.89) | M = 32.76 (SD = 6.16) | 0.13 |
| Objective cognitive performance (Z-scores) | M = −0.66 (SD = 0.87) | M = −0.76 (SD = 0.75) | 0.14 |
| MoCA total score (Z-scores) | M = −0.57 (SD = 1.19) | M = −0.83 (SD = 0.88) | 0.26 |
| Lexical fluency (Z-scores) | M = −1.02 (SD = 0.84) | M = −1.02 (SD = 0.98) | 0.00 |
| Semantic fluency (Z-scores) | M = −0.41 (SD = 0.97) | M = −0.70 (SD = 0.91) | 0.31 |
| Immediate memory (Z-Scores) | M = −0.71 (SD = 1.19) | M = −1.01 (SD = 1.03) | 0.28 |
| Delayed memory (Z-Scores) | M = −0.81 (SD = 1.24) | M = −1.26 (SD = 1.09) | 0.41 |
| Oral trail making test part B (Z-scores) | M = −0.84 (SD = 2.22) | M = −0.12 (SD = 1.95) | 0.36 |
| Boston naming test 15-item (Raw scores) | M = 13.65/15 (SD = 1.53) | M = 14.06/15 (SD = 1.57) | 0.41 |
| Internalizing Psychopathology (T-scores) | M = 59.75 (SD = 5.84) | M = 60.72 (SD = 6.49) | 0.11 |
| Fatigue (T-scores) | M = 65.65 (SD = 9.97) | M = 66.22 (SD = 8.28) | 0.30 |
| Time since COVID-19 Infection (Days) | M = 355.39 (SD = 190.95) | M = 379.96 (SD = 224.46) | 0.16 |
N = 106; M, Mean; SD, Standard deviation; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.