Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 27;18:1383956. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383956

Table 2.

Root mean square error (RMSE) values for car position and steering wheel signal regression on the testing set.

Observation Execution
Car x position (px) Steering signal (a.u.) Car x position (px) Steering signal (a.u.)
Mean (SD) Median Range Mean (SD) Median Range Mean (SD) Median Range Mean (SD) Median Range
Passive 203 (40) 205 [113, 384] 0.26 (0.17) 0.21 [0.05, 0.70] 157 (42) 154 [81, 238] 0.19 (0.11) 0.15 [0.05, 0.41]
Proactive 12 (10) 8 [4, 43] 0.02 (0.01) 0.01 [0.01, 0.04] 10 (6) 8 [4, 27] 0.02 (0.01) 0.01 [0.01, 0.04]
Reactive (Dist.) 367 (75) 364 [243, 520] 0.49 (0.16) 0.45 [0.27, 0.80] 357 (81) 359 [214, 544] 0.47 (0.14) 0.44 [0.27, 0.76]
Reactive (Indist.) 326 (74) 302 [232, 457] 0.45 (0.20) 0.45 [0.13, 0.79] 316 (73) 305 [217, 462] 0.41 (0.18) 0.39 [0.13, 0.77]

** Significant differences between observation and execution, significance level 0.01.

°° / °°° Significant differences between car x position and steering (execution only), significance level 0.01 and 0.001.