Table 6.
Subgroup analysis of associations between NL and nutrition label use when purchasing prepackaged foods.
| Subgroups | Variables | Total nutrition label use | Nutrition facts table use | Purported nutritional benefits use | Purported health benefits use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Education | |||||
| Less than a high school diploma | Nutritional literacy | 1.09 (1.07–1.12) *** | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) *** | 1.14 (1.10–1.19) *** | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) |
| Functional NL | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) *** | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) *** | 1.15 (1.06–1.23) *** | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) ** | |
| Knowledge | 1.15 (0.97–1.37) | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | 1.21 (0.91–1.62) | 0.98 (0.73–1.30) | |
| Understanding | 0.85 (0.68–1.08) | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) | 1.19 (0.79–1.78) | |
| Obtaining skills | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) | |
| Applying skills | 1.37 (1.21–1.56) *** | 1.39 (1.22–1.59) *** | 1.27 (1.05–1.53) * | 1.31 (1.06–1.62) * | |
| Interactive NL | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 0.90 (0.73–1.12) | |
| Critical NL | 1.24 (1.09–1.42) ** | 1.24 (1.08–1.43) ** | 1.26 (1.00–1.58) * | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | |
| High school diploma | Nutritional literacy | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) ** | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) * | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) ** | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) * |
| Functional NL | 1.00 (0.94–1.08) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.14 (1.04–1.26) ** | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | |
| Knowledge | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 1.03 (0.71–1.50) | 0.77 (0.45–1.34) | |
| Understanding | 0.85 (0.60–1.18) | 0.79 (0.57–1.10) | 1.05 (0.69–1.60) | 0.99 (0.51–1.91) | |
| Obtaining skills | 1.04 (0.72–1.48) | 1.07 (0.75–1.51) | 1.25 (0.79–1.95) | 1.09 (0.55–2.20) | |
| Applying skills | 1.17 (0.97–1.42) | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 1.21 (0.95–1.55) | 1.43 (1.00–2.06) | |
| Interactive NL | 1.23 (1.01–1.50) * | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) * | 1.11 (0.85–1.44) | 1.06 (0.72–1.57) | |
| Critical NL | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | 1.13 (0.96–1.41) | 0.92 (0.72–1.19) | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | |
| College degree or higher | Nutritional literacy | 1.13 (1.08–1.19) *** | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) *** | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) * | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) * |
| Functional NL | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | |
| Knowledge | 1.29 (1.01–1.66) * | 1.29 (1.01–1.65) * | 1.38 (0.81–2.35) | 1.07 (0.77–1.50) | |
| Understanding | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | 0.87 (0.56–1.34) | 1.06 (0.56–2.01) | 0.99 (0.54–1.80) | |
| Obtaining skills | 1.02 (0.63–1.64) | 1.08 (0.68–1.71) | 0.83 (0.42–1.67) | 1.23 (0.63–2.40) | |
| Applying skills | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) | 0.81 (0.58–1.14) | 0.78 (0.56–1.09) | |
| Interactive NL | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 1.15 (0.89–1.48) | 1.28 (0.82–2.02) | 1.42 (0.94–2.13) | |
| Critical NL | 1.33 (1.00–1.77) * | 127 (0.97–1.67) | 1.33 (0.86–2.00) | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | |
| Monthly income | |||||
| <2,000 RMB | Nutritional literacy | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) *** | 1.12 (1.07–1.16) *** | 1.21 (1.09–1.34) *** | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) * |
| Functional NL | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) ** | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) ** | 1.09 (0.91–1.29) | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) * | |
| Knowledge | 1.38 (1.07–1.76) * | 1.36 (1.06–1.75) * | 1.67 (0.64–4.33) | 1.08 (0.64–1.84) | |
| Understanding | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.70 (0.29–1.65) | 1.77 (0.83–3.80) | |
| Obtaining skills | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | 1.30 (0.89–1.89) | 0.99 (0.38–2.57) | 0.85 (0.38–1.89) | |
| Applying skills | 1.42 (1.17–1.72) *** | 1.46 (1.20–1.77) *** | 1.64 (1.01–2.69) * | 1.21 (0.76–1.91) | |
| Interactive NL | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 1.04 (0.86–1.24) | 0.69 (0.42–1.15) | 1.03 (0.68–1.54) | |
| Critical NL | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) * | 1.26 (1.01–1.56) * | 4.24 (1.93–16.30) *** | 0.91 (0.55–1.51) | |
| 2,000–4,000 RMB | |||||
| Nutritional literacy | 1.09 (1.06–1.11) *** | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) *** | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) *** | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) * | |
| Functional NL | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) * | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) *** | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) | |
| Knowledge | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 0.93 (0.75–1.14) | |
| Understanding | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) | |
| Obtaining skills | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | 1.08 (0.80–1.45) | 1.10 (0.79–1.53) | |
| Applying skills | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) *** | 1.23 (1.09–1.38) ** | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) * | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) | |
| Interactive NL | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) | 1.08 (0.96–1.23) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | |
| Critical NL | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) ** | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) ** | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | |
| ≥4,000 RMB | |||||
| Nutritional literacy | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 1.04 (0.97–1.13) | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | |
| Functional NL | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 1.02 (0.89–1.19) | 0.97 (0.79–1.20) | |
| Knowledge | 1.39 (0.91–2.11) | 1.41 (0.93–2.13) | 2.54 (1.06–6.08) * | 2.28 (0.72–7.16) | |
| Understanding | 0.74 (0.43–1.29) | 0.59 (0.34–1.04) | 1.55 (0.66–3.61) | 2.39 (0.64–8.93) | |
| Obtaining skills | 0.91 (0.53–1.55) | 1.15 (0.67–1.96) | 0.43 (0.16–1.19) | 0.31 (0.06–1.62) | |
| Applying skills | 1.17 (0.86–1.60) | 1.21 (0.90–1.65) | 1.08 (0.68–1.73) | 0.68 (0.37–1.26) | |
| Interactive NL | 1.43 (1.06–1.93) * | 1.35 (1.01–1.80)* | 1.36 (0.88–2.08) | 2.22 (01.06–4.63) * | |
| Critical NL | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 1.00 (0.75–1.34) | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 0.72 (0.39–1.34) |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. The OR (95% CI) was calculated using binary logistic regression when adjusting for age, gender, BMI, education, retirement status (yes or no), monthly income (RMB), smoking (yes or no), drinking (yes or no) and daily exercise duration.