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. 2024 Jun 27;15:1392239. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392239

TABLE 4.

Regression results of PSM-DID.

Innovation input Innovation output
Quantity Quality
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Pro 0.951** 0.995** −0.160* −0.167** 0.0541** 0.0556**
(0.430) (0.405) (0.0842) (0.0849) (0.0272) (0.0280)
Constant 6.018*** 5.994*** 1.936*** 1.632*** 0.405*** 0.199*
(0.101) (1.534) (0.0233) (0.194) (0.00784) (0.106)
Covariates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Control variables No Yes No Yes No Yes
Company dummies Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year dummies Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Observations 1,245 1,245 1,245 1,245 1,245 1,245
R-squared 0.748 0.779 0.733 0.735 0.405 0.410

Note: Robust standard errors clustered at the company level in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.