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. 2024 Jun 27;15:1392239. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392239

TABLE 5.

Stacked DID estimated results.

Innovation input Innovation output
Quantity Quality
(1) (2) (3)
DID 1.470*** −0.234** 0.061**
(0.484) (0.106) (0.026)
Constant 8.789*** 1.418*** 0.375***
(0.467) (0.089) (0.034)
Contral variables Yes Yes Yes
Company dummies Yes Yes Yes
Year dummies Yes Yes Yes
Observations 1,312 1,312 1,312
R-squared 0.794 0.729 0.398

Note: Robust standard errors clustered at the company level in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.