Table 2.

Factors associated with new persistent opioid use (NPOU) development

Patient characteristics	OR of new persistent opioid use (95 % CI)
Sex
Male   Female	Ref 0.97 (0.84–1.12)
CCI
≤2   >2	Ref 1.25 (0.96–1.63)
Ethnicity
White   Black   Hispanic   Other	Ref 1.12 (0.87–1.43) 1.15 (0.91–1.46) 0.56 (0.42–0.74)a
SVI
Low   Moderate   High	Ref 1.26 (1.06–1.50)a 1.13 (0.95–1.35)
Residential area
Non-metropolitan   Metropolitan	Ref 0.88 (0.74–1.05)
Cancer type
CRC   HCC   PDAC   Biliary duct	Ref 1.57 (1.02–2.41)a 1.76 (1.38–2.25)a 1.36 (0.96–1.92)
Stage
I   II   III   IV	Ref 1.53 (1.25–1.88)a 2.16 (1.76–2.65)a 4.42 (3.51–5.82)a
Medicaid eligibility	1.88 (1.59–2.21)a
History of substance abuse	1.45 (1.14–1.84)a
History of mental illness	1.04 (0.86–1.25)
Admission type
Elective   Urgent	Ref 1.31 (1.16–1.49)a
Perioperative opioid use	3.07 (2.59–3.63)a

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CCI charlson comorbidity index, SVI social vulnerability index, CRC colorectal carcinoma, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, PDAC pancreatic adenocarcinoma

^aStatistical significance denoted by p <0.005