Table 3.

Multivariable regression analysis examining the association between new persistent opioid use (NPOU) and long-term health outcomes^a

Outcome	No NPOU	NPOU
Hospital visits due to falls, respiratory symptoms, or pain, (OR; 95% CI)	Ref.	1.45 (1.18–1.78)
1 year mortality, (HR; 95% CI)	Ref.	2.15 (1.74–2.66)

OR odds ratio, HR hazard ratio

^aModel adjusted for patient age, sex, CCI score, ethnicity, history of substance abuse or mental illness, SVI, residential area, cancer type, stage of disease, Medicaid eligibility, urgent index surgery, perioperative opioid use, and complications during the index surgery