Table 3.

Model diagnostics

	Effective number of parameters (pD)	Deviance information criterion (DIC)
Model 1	14.44	481.87
Model 2	6.78	476.29
Model 3	22.61	484.90
Model 4	11.77	483.04

The table shows the model diagnostics for the four regression models. The effective number of parameters (pD) column shows the measure of model complexity, which accounts for both the fixed and random effects. The deviance information criterion (DIC) column shows the measure of model fit, which balances the model complexity and the deviance. A lower pD or DIC value indicates a better model. Based on these criteria, model 2 has the best fit among the four models