Table 1.
Characteristics of countries with ≥ 1 km of modelled inland saltwater intrusion projected in 2050, in descending total coastal length. Bold countries satisfy all three vulnerability criteria.
| Country | Coastal population < 100 km (millions) | Coastal population < 100 km (% of total population) | Saltwater intrusion: total coastal length with ≥ 1 km (km) | Saltwater intrusion: max inland distance (where ≥ 1 km) | Mean coastal access to groundwater for drinking water* (% [SD])12 | Mean daily urinary sodium excretion (g/day [95% Confidence Interval])14 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | |||||
| United States of America | 124.3 | 39 | 625.3 | 1596.1 | 6.5 | 17.2 | N/A | 3.5 (3.4–3.6) |
| Indonesia | 138.6 | 60 | 671.4 | 1028.7 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 78.2 (16.5) | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) |
| Mexico | 17.7 | 16 | 465.7 | 715.6 | 8.9 | 15.6 | 4.1 (3.5) | 3.5 (3.3–3.6) |
| Brazil | 69.8 | 36 | 210.2 | 632.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 26.8 (10.4) | 3.5 (3.3–3.7) |
| Australia | 15.2 | 70 | 105.8 | 519.7 | 6.2 | 10.1 | N/A | 2.9 (2.8–3.1) |
| Nigeria | 18.7 | 12 | 382.3 | 382.3 | 1.3 | 7.2 | 76.7 (12.2) | 2.5 (2.4–2.7) |
| India | 166.0 | 14 | 269.6 | 374.9 | 1.5 | 5.7 | 40.5 (21.8) | 3.9 (3.8–3.9) |
| Senegal | 5.4 | 42 | 220.1 | 354.0 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 48.8 (31.8) | 2.7 (2.6–2.9) |
| Vietnam | 53.3 | 60 | 313.8 | 349.4 | 53.4 | 53.9 | 72.4 (20.4) | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) |
| Cuba | 5.8 | 52 | 188.8 | 323.1 | 20.6 | 24.5 | N/A | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) |
| Mozambique | 8.9 | 38 | 297.1 | 297.1 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 44.7 (13.7) | 2.8 (3.7–3.0) |
| Egypt | 20.1 | 24 | 256.0 | 256.0 | 8.5 | 15.8 | 0.91 (2.1) | 2.5 (2.4–2.7) |
| Honduras | 3.1 | 41 | 80.5 | 232.0 | 1.0 | 9.4 | 48.0 (15.9) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) |
| Thailand | 14.1 | 21 | 50.2 | 229.6 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 82.6 (8.3) | 4.2 (4.1–4.5) |
| Netherlands | 12.4 | 74 | 51.1 | 214.0 | 22.4 | 36.1 | N/A | 3.2 (3.1–3.4) |
| Mauritania | 0.7 | 22 | 91.5 | 202.0 | 3.3 | 8.7 | 46.2 (15.4) | 2.7 (2.6–2.9) |
| Peru | 14.0 | 48 | N/A | 134.6 | N/A | 6.4 | 15.3 (7.5) | 3.6 (3.4–3.8) |
| France | 16.9 | 27 | 125.5 | 125.5 | 2.2 | 3.6 | N/A | 3.0 (2.8–3.1) |
| Togo | 2.5 | 37 | N/A | 116.5 | N/A | 3.1 | 79.1 (N/A) | 2.7 (2.6–2.9) |
| Malaysia | 16.2 | 58 | N/A | 116.5 | N/A | 3.9 | N/A | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) |
| Guinea | 1.7 | 16 | 113.3 | 113.3 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 52.6 (20.1) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) |
| Germany | 7.2 | 9 | 77.3 | 100.1 | 2.0 | 6.0 | N/A | 3.4 (3.2–3.6) |
| Madagascar | 9.2 | 46 | N/A | 79.1 | N/A | 2.6 | 53.5 (5.0) | 2.8 (2.7–3.0) |
| Bangladesh | 54.1 | 33 | N/A | 70.1 | N/A | 1.0 | 84.5 (13.2) | 3.5 (3.3–3.7) |
| Colombia | 9.5 | 21 | N/A | 64.8 | N/A | 1.2 | 43.4 (17.4) | 4.7 (4.5–5.0) |
| Denmark | 3.7 | 67 | 61.7 | 61.7 | 1.8 | 2.1 | N/A | 3.2 (3.1–3.4) |
| Sri Lanka | 14.0 | 68 | N/A | 61.3 | N/A | 1.4 | 60.7 (6.4) | 4.2 (4.0–4.4) |
| Nicaragua | 2.2 | 38 | N/A | 50.5 | N/A | 1.3 | 35.4 (10.1) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) |
| United Arab Emirates | 3.8 | 81 | N/A | 47.6 | N/A | 1.4 | N/A | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) |
| Fiji | 0.6 | 72 | 39.4 | 39.4 | 1.5 | 3.3 | N/A | 2.9 (2.8–3.1) |
| Japan | 100.3 | 79 | 38.7 | 38.7 | 1.1 | 1.7 | N/A | 4.0 (4.0–4.1) |
| Philippines | 66.0 | 70 | N/A | 37.6 | N/A | 1.0 | 68.2 (17.8) | 4.1 (3.9–4.3) |
| China | 204.6 | 15 | 32.8 | 32.8 | 2.3 | 19.4 | 15.7 (6.5) | 7.0 (6.6–7.3) |
| Myanmar | 16.1 | 32 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 84.6 (3.0) | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) |
| Turkey | 11.0 | 15 | N/A | 28.3 | N/A | 1.5 | N/A | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
| Portugal | 7.1 | 67 | N/A | 27.5 | N/A | 2.0 | N/A | 3.5 (3.3–3.7) |
| Gambia | 0.8 | 49 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 25.2 (16.9) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) |
| Libya | 4.4 | 68 | N/A | 24.1 | N/A | 6.1 | 36.1 (27.7) | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) |
| Finland | 2.7 | 50 | N/A | 24.1 | N/A | 3.0 | N/A | 3.3 (3.1–3.4) |
| Taiwan | 20.5 | 88 | 22.9 | 22.9 | 2.4 | 4.5 | N/A | 3.6 (3.4–3.7) |
| Saudi Arabia | 8.7 | 33 | N/A | 21.5 | N/A | 1.0 | N/A | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) |
*Dataset only includes low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).