Table 1.
Association of the immunohistochemical expression of Maspin according to clinical-pathological data.
| Variables | Category | Maspin cytoplasmic expression | p value | Maspin nuclear expression | p value | Maspin stromal expression | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | |||||
| Age, n (%) | < 40 | 15 (8.7) | 20 (11.6) | 0.34 | 13 (7.5) | 22 (12.7) | 0.218 | 16 (9.2) | 19 (11) | 0.864 |
| 41–59 | 92 (53.2) | 79 (45.7) | 91 (52.6) | 80 (46.2) | 86 (49.7) | 85 (49.1) | ||||
| ≥ 60 | 66 (38.2) | 74 (42.7) | 69 (39.9) | 71 (40.1) | 71 (41.1) | 69 (39.9) | ||||
| Hormonal Status, n (%) | Premenopause | 111 (64.2) | 107 (61.8) | 0.656 | 109 (63) | 109 (63) | 0.098 | 109 (63) | 109 (63) | 0.0001 |
| Postmenopause | 62 (35.8) | 66 (38.2) | 64 (37) | 64 (37) | 64 (37) | 64 (37) | ||||
| Tumor Size, n (%) | ≤ 2 cm | 31 (18.1) | 30 (17.5) | 0.883 | 34 (20) | 27 (15.7) | 0.375 | 36 (20.9) | 25 (14.7) | 0.256 |
| 2.1 cm–5 cm | 99 (57.9) | 96 (56.1) | 98 (57.6) | 97 (56.4) | 97 (56.4) | 98 (57.7) | ||||
| > 5 cm | 41 (24) | 45 (26.4) | 38 (22.4) | 48 (27.9) | 39 (22.7) | 47 (27.6) | ||||
| Lymph node Involvement, n (%) | pN0 | 61 (35.3) | 60 (35.1) | 0.717 | 57 (32.9) | 64 (37.4) | 0.112 | 68 (39.3) | 53 (31) | 0.05* |
| pN1 | 56 (32.4) | 57 (33.3) | 64 (37) | 49 (28.7) | 60 (34.7) | 53 (31) | ||||
| pN2 | 40 (23.1) | 33 (19.3) | 39 (22.6) | 34 (19.9) | 33 (19.1) | 40 (23.4) | ||||
| pN3 | 16 (9.2) | 21 (12.3) | 13 (7.5) | 24 (14) | 12 (6.9) | 25 (14.6) | ||||
| Presence of Metastasis, n (%) | pM0 | 165 (95.4) | 163 (94.8) | 0.794 | 164 (95.3) | 164 (94.8) | 0.813 | 166 (96) | 162 (94.2) | 0.448 |
| pM+ | 8 (4.6) | 9 (5.2) | 8 (4.7) | 9 (5.2) | 7 (4) | 10 (5.8) | ||||
| Scarff-Bloom-Richardson, n (%) | Grade 1 | 29 (17.4) | 17 (10.3) | 0.047* | 30 (17.9) | 16 (9.7) | 0.097 | 27 (16.1) | 19 (11.5) | 0.008** |
| Grade 2 | 101 (60.4) | 96 (57.8) | 95 (56.5) | 102 (61.8) | 108 (64.3) | 89 (53.9) | ||||
| Grade 3 | 37 (22.2) | 53 (31.9) | 43 (25.6) | 47 (28.5) | 33 (19.6) | 57 (34.5) | ||||
| Nuclear Grade, n (%) | Grade 1 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0.412 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0.195 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0.319 |
| Grade 2 | 60 (36.6) | 49 (30.1) | 62 (37.6) | 47 (29) | 62 (37.1) | 47 (29.4) | ||||
| Grade 3 | 102 (62.2) | 113 (69.3) | 101 (61.2) | 114 (70.4) | 103 (61.7) | 112 (70) | ||||
| Clinical Internship, n (%) | Stage I | 9 (5.20 | 10 (5.8) | 0.983 | 7 (4) | 12 (6.9) | 0.356 | 9 (5.2) | 10 (5.8) | 0.09 |
| Stage II | 93 (53.8) | 90 (52) | 99 (57.2) | 84 (48.6) | 103 (59.5) | 80 (46.2) | ||||
| Stage III | 63 (36.4) | 64 (37) | 59 (34.1) | 68 (39.3) | 54 (31.3) | 73 (42.2) | ||||
| Stage IV | 8 (4.6) | 9 (5.2) | 8 (4.7) | 9 (5.2) | 7 (4) | 10 (5.8) | ||||
| Estrogen Receptor, n (%) | Negative | 43 (25.7) | 61 (37) | 0.028* | 45 (27.1) | 59 (35.5) | 0.098 | 37 (22.3) | 67 (40.4) | < 0.0001**** |
| Positive | 124 (74.3) | 104 (63) | 121 (72.9) | 107 (64.5) | 129 (77.7) | 99 (59.6) | ||||
| Progesterone Receptor, n (%) | Negative | 76 (45.2) | 91 (54.5) | 0.09 | 73 (43.7) | 94 (56) | 0.025* | 68 (40.7) | 99 (58.9) | < 0.001*** |
| Positive | 92 (54.8) | 76 (45.5) | 94 (56.3) | 74 (44) | 99 (59.3) | 69 (41.1) | ||||
| HER2, n (%) | Negative | 121 (85.2) | 126 (84.6) | 0.878 | 114 (82) | 133 (87.5) | 0.192 | 125 (88.7) | 122 (81.3) | 0.082 |
| Positive | 21 (14.8) | 23 (15.4) | 25 (18) | 19 (12.5) | 16 (11.3) | 28 (18.7) | ||||
| Molecular Subtypes | Triple Negative | 20 (14.3) | 39 (26.5) | 19 (13.9) | 40 (26.7) | 0.017* | 20 (14.4) | 39 (26.4) | ||
| HER2+ | 16 (11.4) | 14 (9.5) | 0.037* | 18 (13.1) | 12 (8) | 11 (7.9) | 19 (12.8) | 0.008** | ||
| Luminal | 104 (74.3) | 94 (64) | 100 (73) | 98 (65.3) | 108 (77.7) | 90 (60.8) | ||||
HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
p-values obtained by Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. Fisher was applied when 25% or more of the expected value was less than 5.
Significant values are in bold.