Fig 2.

TGEV infection induces inflammatory responses in apical-out porcine intestinal organoids. (A–E) Transcription levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 at the indicated times post-TGEV infection were evaluated by RT-qPCR. (F) Transcription levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β at 48 h after TGEV or UV-TGEV infection were measured by RT-qPCR. Results are presented as mean ± SD of data from three independent experiments *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001, determined by two-tailed Student’s t test.